Vol. 85, No. 5  
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 December 1980
 
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Contents

VOLUME 85•NUMBER 5

December 1980


Table of Contents

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Front Matter
 
The Foundation of the Modern Economy: Agriculture and the Costs of Labor in the United States and England, 1800-60
By Ronald Hoffman 1055
The South from Self-Sufficiency to Peonage: An Interpretation
By Grady McWhiney 1095
How Different from Each Other Were the Antebellum North and South?
By Edward Pessen 1119
 

AHR Forum
Antebellum North and South in Comparative Perspective: A Discussion
By Edward Pessen 1150
 

Reviews of Books
 

General
. Hugh Thomas. A History of the World
Reviewed by Harold T. Parker 1167
Henry Kozicki. The Writing of History: Literary Form and Historical Understanding
Reviewed by Haskell Fain 1167
M. M. Postan. The Cambridge Economic History of Europe
Reviewed by William L. Blackwell 1168
Robert L. Heilbroner. Marxism: For and Against
Reviewed by William H. Shaw 1170
Joan W. Scott. Women, Work, and Family
Reviewed by Peter Laslett 1170
Peter N. Stearns. Be a Man! Males in Modern Society
Reviewed by William L. O'Neill 1171
Vern L. Bullough. Homosexuality: A History
Reviewed by Michael Goodich 1171
Claude Geffre. La religion en occident: Evolution des idees et du vecu
Reviewed by George Shriver 1172
E. P. Meijering. Calvin wider die Neugierde: Ein Beitrag zum Vergleich zwischen reformatorischem und patristischem Denken
Reviewed by J. Wayne Baker 1173
O. H. K. Spate. The Spanish Lake
Reviewed by Andre Gschaedler 1173
 

Ancient
Elizabeth M. Craik. The Dorian Aegean
Reviewed by Raphael Sealey 1174
Friedrich Prinz. Grundungsmythen und Sagenchronologie
Reviewed by James P. Holoka 1174
David M. Schaps. Economic Rights of Women in Ancient Greece
Reviewed by Sarah B. Pomeroy 1175
Christian Habicht. Untersuchungen zur politischen Geschichte Athens im 3. Jahrhundert v. Chr
Reviewed by John F. Oates 1176
Karl-Wilhelm Weeber. Geschichte der Etrusker
Reviewed by R. M. Ogilvie 1176
J. M. Blazquez. Economia de la Hispania Romana
Reviewed by D. Brendan Nagle 1177
Robert C. Knapp. Aspects of the Roman Experience in Iberia, 206-100 B.C.
Reviewed by E. Badian 1178
David Stockton. The Gracchi
Reviewed by Stewart Irvin Oost 1178
J. P. V. D. Balsdon. Romans and Aliens
Reviewed by Henry C. Boren 1179
Anthony Birley. The People of Roman Britain
Reviewed by A. L. F. Rivet 1180
 

Medieval
Frank Barlow. The English Church, 1066-1154
Reviewed by Roy Martin Haines 1180
William E. Kapelle. The Norman Conquest of the North: The Region and its Transformation, 1000-1135
Reviewed by M. R. Powicke 1181
Barbara English. The Lords of Holderness, 1086-1260: A Study in Feudal Society
Reviewed by Michael Altschul 1181
John M. Gilbert. Hunting and Hunting Reserves in Medieval Scotland
Reviewed by Joel Rosenthal 1182
Michel Rouche. L'Aquitaine des Wisigoths aux Arabes, 418-781: Naissance d'une region
Reviewed by K. F. Drew 1183
William Chester Jordan. Louis IX and the Challenge of the Crusade: A Study in Rulership
Reviewed by Thomas Renna 1183
Christine Renardy. Le monde des maitres universitaires du diocese de Liege, 01140-1350: Recherches sur sa composition et ses activities
Reviewed by John W. Baldwin 1184
Roger Sablonier. Adel im Wandel: Eine Untersuchung zur sozialen Situation ostschweizerischen Adels um 1300
Reviewed by Theodore Evergates 1185
Ernst Schubert. Konig und Reich: Studien zur spatmittelalterlichen deutsche Verfassungsgeschichte
Reviewed by Kenneth Pennington 1185
Ulrich Reuling. Die Kur in Deutschland und Frankreich: Untersuchungen zur Entwicklung des rechtsformlichen Wahlaktes bei der Konigserhebung im 11. und 12. Jahrhundert
Reviewed by Teta E. Moehs 1186
Ivan Bozhilov. Anonimat na Khaze: Balgariia i Vizantiia na dolni Dunav v kraia na X vek
Reviewed by John V. A. Fine, Jr. 1187
Clive Foss. Ephesus after Antiquity: A Late Antique, Byzantine and Turkish City
Reviewed by George T. Dennis 1187
 

Modern Europe
Robert Wohl. The Generation of 1914
Reviewed by Oliver W. Holmes 1188
Charles Cruickshank. Deception in World War II
Reviewed by Albert Norman 1189
D. M. Palliser. Tudor York
Reviewed by Alan D. Dyer 1189
John Bellamy. The Tudor Law of Treason: An Introduction
Reviewed by Thomas G. Barnes 1190
Stanford E. Lehmberg. The Later Parliaments of Henry VIII, 1536-1547
Reviewed by Wallace T. MacCaffrey 1191
Rosemary O'Day. The English Clergy: The Emergence and Consolidation of a Profession, 1558-1642
Reviewed by John H. Pruett 1192
B. G. Blackwood. The Lancashire Gentry and the Great Rebellion, 1640-60
Reviewed by Walter J. King 1192
H. C. Tomlinson. Guns and Government: The Ordnance Office under the Later Stuarts
Reviewed by Linda Levy Peck 1193
Eveline Cruickshanks. Political Untouchables: The Tories and the '45
Reviewed by Henry L. Snyder 1193
Mary Wickwire. Cornwallis: The Imperial Years
Reviewed by Raymond Callahan 1194
Clive Emsley. British Society and the French Wars, 1793-1815
Reviewed by James L. McKelvey 1195
Maxine Berg. The Machinery Question and the Making of Political Economy, 1815-1848
Reviewed by John W. Osborne 1195
Norman Gash. Aristocracy and People: Britain, 1815-1865
Reviewed by R. G. Cowherd 1196
Michael Durey. The Return of the Plague: British Society and the Cholera, 1831-2
Reviewed by F. B. Smith 1196
John M. Eyler. Victorian Social Medicine: The Ideas and Methods of William Farr
Reviewed by M. Jeanne Peterson 1197
A. J. Youngson. The Scientific Revolution in Victorian Medicine
Reviewed by John M. Eyler 1197
Tony Mason. Association Football and English Society, 1863-1915
Reviewed by Wray Vamplew 1198
F.D. Dow. Cromwellian Scotland, 1651-1660
Reviewed by Arthur H. Williamson 1199
Alan B. Campbell. The Lanarkshire Miners: A Social History of Their Trade Unions, 1775-1874
Reviewed by John H. M. Laslett 1199
Norman Murray. The Scottish Hand Loom Weavers, 1790-1850: A Social History
Reviewed by Gerry C. Gunnin 1200
Donald Harman Akenson. Between Two Revolutions: Islandmagee, County Antrim, 1798-1920
Reviewed by Paul Bew 1201
Samuel Clark. Social Origins of the Irish Land War
Reviewed by Lawrence J. McCaffrey 1201
N. M. Sutherland. The Huguenot Struggle for Recognition
Reviewed by Ruth Kleinman 1202
Luciano Guerci. Liberta degli antichi e liberta dei moderni: Sparta, Atene e i "philosophes" nella Francia del Settecento
Reviewed by David Young 1203
Daniele Menozzi. Letture politiche di Gesu: Dall'Ancien Regime alla Rivoluzione
Reviewed by David Young 1203
Harold T. Parker. The Bureau of Commerce in 1781 and Its Policies With Respect to French Industry
Reviewed by Robert D. Harris 1204
David P. Jordan. The King's Trial: The French Revolution vs. Louis XVI
Reviewed by James Friguglietti 1204
Albert Soboul. La Jeunesse Doree: Episodes de la Revolution francaise
Reviewed by Isser Woloch 1205
Jean Faury. Clericalisme et anticlericalisme dans le Tarn (1848-1900)
Reviewed by Benjamin F. Martin 1206
Alain Corbin. Les filles de noce: Misere sexuelle et prostitution (19^e et 20^e siecles)
Reviewed by James F. Traer 1206
Paul Mazgaj. The Action Francaise and Revolutionary Syndicalism
Reviewed by Robert Soucy 1207
William D. Irvine. French Conservatism in Crisis: The Republican Federation of France in the 1930's
Reviewed by C. Stewart Doty 1208
Jeffrey A. Gunsburg. Divided and Conquered: The French High Command and the Defeat of the West, 1940
Reviewed by Robert J. Young 1209
Helen Nader. The Mendoza Family in the Spanish Renaissance, 1350 to 1550
Reviewed by Robert I. Burns 1210
Francisco Chacon Jimenez. Murcia en la centuria del quinientos
Reviewed by Charles J. Jago 1210
V. Vazquez de Prada. Historia Economica y Social de Espana. Volume 3, Los Siglos XVIy XVII
Reviewed by J. B. Owens 1211
Pedro Tedde. Los ferrocarriles en Espana, 1844-1943
Reviewed by Gabriel Tortella 1212
Carolyn P. Boyd. Praetorian Politics in Liberal Spain
Reviewed by Jose M. Sanchez 1214
Louis Stein. Beyond Death and Exile: The Spanish Republicans in France, 1939-1955
Reviewed by Raymond L. Proctor 1214
L. de Jong. Het Koninkrijk der Nederlanden in de Tweede Wereldoorlog
Reviewed by Pierre-Henri Laurent 1215
Leo Tandrup. Mod triumf eller tragedie: En politisk-diplomatisk studie over forl$\o$bet af den dansk-svenske magtkamp fra Kalmarkrigen til Kejserkrigen
Reviewed by Playford V. Thorson 1215
Michael Roberts. The Swedish Imperial Experience, 1560-1718
Reviewed by Walther Kirchner 1216
Gerhard Schormann. Hexenprozesse in Nordwestdeutschland cv
Reviewed by H. C. Erik Midelfort 1217
Paul Gottfried. Conservative Millenarians: The Romantic Experience in Bavaria
Reviewed by Theodore S. Hamerow 1217
Charles E. Mcclelland. State, Society, and University in Germany, 1700-1914
Reviewed by James J. Sheehan 1218
Peter Joerissen. Kunsterziehung und Kunstwissenschaft im wilhelminischen Deutschland, 1871-1918
Reviewed by Douglas R. Skopp 1219
Toni Pierenkemper. Die westfalischen Schwerindustriellen, 1852-1913: Soziale Struktur und unternehmerischer Erfolg
Reviewed by Walter Struve 1219
Otto Borst. Schule des Schwabenlands: Geschichte der Universitat Stuttgart
Reviewed by R. Steven Turner 1220
Kenneth R. Calkins. Hugo Haase: Democrat and Revolutionary
Reviewed by Donald L. Niewyk 1220
Reinhard Schiffers. Der Hauptausschuss des Deutschen Reichstags, 1915-1918: Formen und Bereiche der Kooperation zwischen Parlament und Regierung
Reviewed by D. K. Buse 1221
Hermann J. Rupieper. The Cuno Government and Reparations, 1922-1923: Politics and Economics
Reviewed by David Felix 1222
Herbert Homig. Das preussiche Zentrum in der Weimarer Republik
Reviewed by Ronald J. Ross 1222
Klaus-Jurgen Muller. Armee, Politik und Gesellschaft in Deutschland, 1933-1945: Studien zum Verhaltnis von Armee und NS-System
Reviewed by Peter Hoffmann 1223
Friedrich Grundmann. Agrarpolitik im "Dritten Reich": Anspruch und Wirklichkeit des Reichserbhofgesetzes
Reviewed by J. E. Farquharson 1224
Benjamin B. Ferencz. Less Than Slaves: Jewish Forced Labor and the Quest for Compensation
Reviewed by Edward L. Homze 1225
Hans W. Gatzke. Germany and the United States: A "Special Relationship?"
Reviewed by Gerhard L. Weinberg 1225
Alan Sked. The Survival of the Habsburg Empire: Radetzky, the Imperial Army and the Class War, 1848
Reviewed by William A. Jenks 1226
Johanna Till. Von St. Germain bis Genf: Osterreich und seine Nachbarn, 1918-1922
Reviewed by Bruce F. Pauley 1227
Charles Trinkaus. The Poet as Philosopher: Petrarch and the Formation of Renaissance Consciousness
Reviewed by Marcia L. Colish 1227
Enrico Stumpo. Finanza e stato moderno nel Piemonte del Seicento
Reviewed by John A. Marino 1228
Xenio Toscani. Il clero lombardo dall'Ancien Regime alla Restaurazione
Reviewed by Hanns Gross 1229
Ilaria Porciani. L' "Archivio storico italiano": Organizazione della ricerca ed moderata nel Risorgimento
Reviewed by Emiliana P. Noether 1230
Gianfausto Rosoli. Un secolo di emigrazione Italiana, 1876-1976
Reviewed by Francesco Cordasco 1230
Brenda L. Marder. Stewards of the Land: The American Farm School and Modern Greece
Reviewed by George B. Leon 1231
Constantin N. Velichi. La Roumanie et le mouvement revolutionnaire bulgare de liberation nationale (1850-1878)
Reviewed by Vlad Georgescu 1232
Elka Bornemann. Der Frieden von Bukarest 1918
Reviewed by Glenn E. Torrey 1232
Domokos Kosary. Napoleon et la Hongrie
Reviewed by Bela K. Kiraly 1233
Thomas L. Sakmyster. Hungary, the Great Powers, and the Danubian Crisis, 1936-1939
Reviewed by Bennett Kovrig 1234
Alvin Marcus Fountain II. Roman Dmowski: Party, Tactics, Ideology, 1895-1907
Reviewed by Edward D. Wynot, Jr. 1234
Janusz Pajewski. Odbudowa panstwa polskiego, 1914-1918
Reviewed by Leo John Haczynski 1235
Michael F. Metcalf. Peter the Great's Administrative and Judicial Reforms: Swedish Antecedents and the Process of Reception
Reviewed by M. S. Anderson 1236
J. Michael Hittle. The Service City: State and Townsmen in Russia, 1600-1800
Reviewed by Robert E. Jones 1236
A. S. Orlov. Volneiia na Urale v seredine XVIII veka: K Voprosu o formirovanii proletariata v Rossii
Reviewed by Paul Avrich 1237
Robert Eugene Johnson. Peasant and Proletarian: The Working Class of Moscow in the Late Nineteenth Century
Reviewed by Daniel Field 1238
V. S. Diakin. Samoderzhavie, burzhuaziia, i dvorianstvo v 1907-1911 gg
Reviewed by Robert S. Edelman 1238
George F. Kennan. The Decline of Bismarck's European Order: Franco-Russian Relations, 1875-1890
Reviewed by Gordon A. Craig 1239
A. S. Smol'Nikov. Bol'shevizatsiia XII armii severnogo fronta v 1917 g
Reviewed by John Bushnell 1240
Allan K. Wildman. The End of the Russian Imperial Army: The Old Army and the Soldiers' Revolt (March-April 1917)
Reviewed by John Keep 1241
Annie Kriegel. Un revolutionnaire-diplomate: Christian Rakovski. L'Union sovietique et l'Europe (1922-1941)
Reviewed by Teddy J. Uldricks 1241
Nicholas Lampert. The Technical Intelligentsia and the Soviet State
Reviewed by William J. Conyngham 1242
 

Near East
Hasan Kawun Kakar. Government and Society in Afghanistan: The Reign of Amir 'Abd al-Rahman Khan
Reviewed by Ludwig W. Adamec 1243
G. S. Georghallides. A Political and Administrative History of Cyprus, 1918-1926, with a Survey of the Foundations of British Rule
Reviewed by Allan Cunningham 1243
 

Africa
Sa'ad Abubakar. The Lamibe of Fombina: A Political History of Adamawa, 1908-1901
Reviewed by J. S. Hogendorn 1244
Bjorn M. Edsman. The Imperial Bureaucrat: The Colonial Administrative Service in the Gold Coast, 1920-1939
Reviewed by Rhoda Howard 1245
 

Asia and the East
Jerome Ch'en. China and the West: Society and Culture, 1815-1937
Reviewed by Yi C. Wang 1246
James Reardon-Anderson. Yenan and the Great Powers: The Origins of Chinese Communist Foreign Policy, 1944-1946
Reviewed by Nicholas R. Clifford 1247
Carl Boyd. The Extraordinary Envoy: General Hiroshi Oshima and Diplomacy in the Third Reich, 1934-1939
Reviewed by William Livingston Spalding, Jr. 1248
J. T. F. Jordens. Dayananda Sarasvati: His Life and Ideas
Reviewed by Kenneth R. Stunkel 1248
Clive J. Dewey. Economy and Society: Essays in India Economic and Social History.
Reviewed by Ananda A. Yang 1249
D. E. U. Baker. Changing Political Leadership in an Indian Provinces: The Central Provinces and Berar, 1919-1939
Reviewed by Eugene F. Irschick 1250
Mohammad Ishaq Khan. History of Srinagar, 1846-1947: A Study in Socio-Cultural Change
Reviewed by Frank F. Conlon 1250
Oliver B. Pollak. Empires in Collision: Anglo-Burmese Relations in the Mid-Nineteenth Century
Reviewed by Michael Adas 1251
 

United States
Jerome O. Steffen. Comparative Frontiers: A Proposal for Studying the American West
Reviewed by Ray Allen Billington 1252
Frederick Turner. Beyond Geography: The Western Spirit Against the Wilderness
Reviewed by Francis Jennings 1252
G. Edward White. Tort Law in America: An Intellectual History
Reviewed by David Fellman 1253
Edward W. Chester. The United States and Six Atlantic Outposts: The Military and Economic Considerations
Reviewed by Michael J. Hogan 1253
W. David Baird. The Quapaw Indians: A History of the Downstream People
Reviewed by William T. Hagan 1254
James Youngblood Henderson. The Road: Indian Tribes and Political Liberty
Reviewed by Robert H. Keller 1255
Benjamin W. Labaree. Colonial Massachusetts: A History
Reviewed by Edward M. Cook, Jr. 1255
Raymond C. Bailey. Popular Influence upon Public Policy: Petitioning in Eighteenth-Century Virginia
Reviewed by Rhys Isaac 1256
Frederick V. Mills. Frederick V. Mills, Sr. Bishops by Ballot: An Eighteenth-Century Ecclesiastical Revolution.
Reviewed by Gerald J. Goodwin 1257
Charles Royster. A Revolutionary People at War: The Continental Army and American Character, 1775-1783
Reviewed by Don Higginbotham 1257
J. Worth Estes. Hall Jackson and the Purple Foxglove: Medical Practice and Research in Revolutionary America, 1760-1820
Reviewed by Richard L. Blanco 1258
Charles W. Akers. Abigail Adams: An American Woman
Reviewed by Vera Laska 1259
William M. Fowler, Jr.. The Baron of Beacon Hill: A Biography of John Hancock
Reviewed by Stephen E. Patterson 1260
Robert Dawidoff. The Education of John Randolph
Reviewed by Harry Ammon 1260
Richard M. Clokey. William H. Ashley: Enterprise and Politics in the Trans-Mississippi West.
Reviewed by W. Turrentine Jackson 1261
Elbert B. Smith. Francis Preston Blair
Reviewed by Robert V. Remini 1262
Charles H. Brown. Agents of Manifest Destiny: The Lives and Times of the Filibusters
Reviewed by Thomas Schoonover 1262
Albert Castel. The Presidency of Andrew Johnson
Reviewed by William R. Brock 1263
Ralph J. Roske. His Own Counsel: The Life and Times of Lyman Trumball
Reviewed by James G. Smart 1264
Lawrence N. Powell. New Masters: Northern Planters During the Civil War and Reconstruction
Reviewed by John Hebron Moore 1264
Leon F. Litwack. Been in the Storm So Long: The Aftermath of Slavery
Reviewed by Harold D. Woodman 1265
Robert F. Engs. Freedom's First Generation: Black Hampton, Virginia, 1861-1890
Reviewed by Joseph H. Cartwright 1266
Elizabeth Hafkin Pleck. Black Migration and Poverty: Boston 1865-1900
Reviewed by Gavin Wright 1267
William Toll. The Resurgence of Race: Black Social Theory from Reconstruction to the Pan-African Conferences
Reviewed by Thomas F. Gossett 1268
Richard Griswold del Castillo. The Los Angeles Barrio, 1850-1890: A Social History
Reviewed by Carlos E. Cortes 1268
William A. Bullough. The Blind Boss & His City: Christopher Augustine Buckley and Nineteenth-Century San Francisco
Reviewed by Roger W. Lotchin 1269
Maris A. Vinovskis. Education and Social Change in Nineteenth-Century Massachusetts
Reviewed by Thomas Bender 1269
Paolo E. Coletta. Bowman Hendy McCalla: A Fighting Sailor.
Reviewed by Robert Erwin Johnson 1270
Allon Gal. Brandeis of Boston
Reviewed by Robert S. Maxwell 1271
Philip S. Foner. Women and the American Labor Movement: From Colonial Times to the Eve of World War I
Reviewed by Irene D. Neu 1271
James P. Johnson. The Politics of Soft Coal: The Bituminous Industry from World War I through the New Deal
Reviewed by Louis Galambos 1272
James B. Lane. "City of the Century": A History of Gary, Indiana
Reviewed by Donald F. Carmony 1272
James M. Smallwood. An Oklahoma Adventure: Of Banks and Bankers
Reviewed by Gerald D. Nash 1273
John Samuel Ezell. Innovations in Energy: The Story of Kerr-McGee
Reviewed by Arthur M. Johnson 1273
David E. Kyvig. Repealing National Prohibition
Reviewed by Jack S. Blocker, Jr. 1274
Michael L. Berger. The Devil Wagon in God's Country: The Automobile and Social Change in Rural America, 1893-1929
Reviewed by Warren J. Belasco 1275
C. Joseph Pusateri. Enterprise in Radio: WWL and the usiness of Broadcasting in America
Reviewed by David Culbert 1275
Jeffrey L. Meikle. Twentieth Century Limited: Industrial Design in America, 1925-1939
Reviewed by Howard P. Segal 1276
C. Howard Hopkins. John R. Mott, 1865-1955: A Biography
Reviewed by Winthrop S. Hudson 1276
A. Glenn Mower, Jr.. The United States, The United Nations, and Human Rights: The Eleanor Roosevelt and Jimmy Carter Eras
Reviewed by Thomas M. Campbell 1277
George C. Herring. America's Longest War: The United States and Vietnam, 1950-1975
Reviewed by Gary R. Hess 1277
Philip Abbott. Furious Fancies: American Political Thought in the Post-Liberal Era
Reviewed by Robert Booth Fowler 1278
 

Canada
A. B. McKillop. A Disciplined Intelligence: Critical Inquiry and Canadian Thought in the Victorian Era
Reviewed by S. E. D. Shortt 1279
Harvey J. Graff. The Literacy Myth: Literacy and Social Structure in the Nineteenth-Century City
Reviewed by William Issel 1280
 

Latin America
Hildegard Kruger. Der Cabildo von Asuncion: Stadverwaltung und stadtische Oberschicht in der ersten Halfte des 18
Reviewed by Jerry W. Cooney 1280
Enrique Otte. Las Perlas del Caribe: Nueva Cadiz de Cubagua
Reviewed by Ruth Pike 1281
David Nicholls. From Dessalines to Duvalier: Race, Colour and National Independence in Haiti
Reviewed by Thomas O. Ott 1282
Collected Essays
  1283
Documents and Bibliographies
  1287
Other Books Received
  1289
Communications
  1295
Recent Deaths
  1298
Back Matter
  1298

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