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| Review | Journal of Social History, 40.3 | The History Cooperative
40.3  
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Spring, 2007
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REVIEWS

SECTION 6
REGIONAL ISSUES

Delivering Aid: Implementing Progressive Era Welfare in the American West. By Thomas A. Krainz (Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 2005. xiv plus 325 pp. $37.00).
Delivering Aid is a solid piece of revisionist social history. Unlike most social welfare historians, Thomas Krainz does not consider the Progressive era (the author's data come mainly from 1900 to 1920) to be a prelude to significant New Deal changes in the treatment of the poor, the uemployed, the elderly, as well as widows and dependent mothers and their children. "In terms of altering the welfare state the Progressive Era was a period of disappointment ... delivery of poor relief looked strikingly similar to nineteenth-century relief practices" (p.12). 1
      Krainz pursues questions shared by many contemporary students of U.S. welfare history, which deal with the forces that affected Progressive Era relief policies. He focuses on gender issues, elaborates the rights of the needy as citizens, highlights pivotal policymakers, and examines critical moments in policymaking. Krainz, however, gives primary emphasis to why the implementation of Progressive measures—with one exception, provisions for the blind—did not much alter the actual experiences of families and individuals who received assistance in their local communities. Finally, Delivering Aid analyzes welfare regulations and practices in the American West, a region that has not been much studied by historians of poverty, yet which "enthusiastically embraced Progressive Era reforms" (p. 9). . . .
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