| Review | Journal of Social History, 39.1

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| Review | Journal of Social History, 39.1 | The History Cooperative

REVIEWS

Surabaya, City of Work: A Socioeconomic History, 1900–2000. By H. W. Dick (Athens, Ohio: Ohio University Center for International Studies Research in International Studies Southeast Asia Series No. 106, Ohio University Press, 2002. xxix plus 541 pp.).
Howard Dick, an economic historian at the University of Melbourne's Australian Centre of International Business, calls for a re-evaluation of the colonial heritage of Surabaya, and of Indonesia generally, in light of post-colonial events. During the struggle for independence, Indonesians fought against the concentration of wealth and power in the hands of an arrogant, foreign, colonial administration. In the process, however, they frequently failed to credit the economic contributions of that government, especially an infrastructure that promoted economic development and international commerce. After independence, evaluations of the new, indigenous government tended to reverse this balance. The post-independence governments, especially the three decades-long administration of President Suharto, 1967–98, took credit for promoting industrialization and economic growth, but they, too, concentrated wealth and power in their own hands. In both cases, the economy flourished but benefits were distributed very inequitably. Despite historical shifts in world markets, global warfare, Japanese occupation, nationalist revolution, independence, and post-independence internal struggle, these underlying continuities persisted.	1
The major exception occurred during the administration of President Sukarno, 1949–66. Dick praises its relative withdrawal from the global economy, nationalization of foreign owned enterprise, and increasing decentralization at home. Unfortunately these policies were accompanied by economic stagnation, political chaos, and, finally, an orgy of mass killings as the military attacked and decimated the communist party (especially in Surabaya, a communist stronghold) and people of Indonesian ancestries murdered those from China.	. . .

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