Frank J. Williams

Lincolniana in 1988

Alexander Gardner albumen print of Lincoln delivering his second inaugural address, March 4, 1865. [End Page 72]

Lincoln Group Activities

Jean H. Baker presented "'Not Much of Me': Abraham Lincoln as a Typical American" before a record crowd of 163 people on May 19 at the 11th annual R. Gerald McMurtry Lecture, Louis A. Warren Lincoln Library and Museum, Fort Wayne. The 10th annual R. Gerald McMurtry Lecture, House Divided: Lincoln and His Father, by John T. Simon, has been published by the library.

John K. Lattimer delivered the annual address before the Lincoln Club of Delaware on February 11.

Jean H. Baker delivered "Mary Todd Lincoln—A Political Woman" before the Lincoln Fellowship of Pennyslvania on November 19, 1987.

William Safire spoke on "Lincoln's Excesses: Their Effect on Modern Presidents" at the October 9, 1987 meeting of the Civil War Round Table in Chicago. William Hanchett delivered his "Abraham Lincoln—Man in the Middle" at the February 12 meeting, and Harold Holzer and Mark E. Neely, Jr., delivered "The Confederate Image: Prints of the Lost Cause" on March 11. U.S. Senator Paul Simon presented "Lincoln the Legislator" on October 7, Gordon Whitney presented "Sherman's Lieutenants" on November 11, and "Holiday Music of the Civil War" was presented by Karen Osborne and Ed Pierce on December 9.

Richard Mudd discussed the role of his grandfather, Samuel A. Mudd, at the October 21 meeting of the Lincoln Group of New York.

Thomas R. Turner presented the fourth annual dinner address, "The Lincoln Assassination: An Historical Perspective," before the Lincoln Group of Florida on February 27.

The 56th annual Lincoln dinner of the Lincoln Memorial Association of the Lincoln Memorial Shrine in Redlands, California, featured Hans Trefousse on Febraury 12, who spoke on "Lincoln: The Great Emancipator." His address is available from the Lincoln Memorial Shrine. Harold Holzer delivered his " `Forever Free': Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation at 125" at the New York State Museum in Albany on January 9. [End Page 73]

The annual dinner meeting of the Lincoln Society of the Republic of China was held in Taipei on February 27 and featured David Dean, director of the American Institute in Taiwan, who spoke on "Democracy and Leadership."

Richard N. Current appeared before the Lincoln Fellowship of Wisconsin April 10 with "How Lincoln Interpreted the Constitution."

The Lafayette Avenue Presbyterian Church of Brooklyn, George L. Knight, pastor, observed its 120th annual celebration of Lincoln Day on February 7 with hymns and songs of Lincoln's day and a special prelude composed in 1987 by Sisler, "Abe Lincoln Turns to Prayer."

The Lincoln Club of Topeka met February 4 and heard E. W. Smith deliver his "Lincoln's Kansas Heritage." Ellen Banks McDowell presented "Women in the Time of Lincoln" on March 3.

The Lincoln Group of Boston held its 50th anniversary meeting at Bridgewater State College and heard reminiscences from Frederick I. Olson, a charter member of the group. For the occasion, a 50th anniversary booklet was published, edited by Sylvia Bernard Larson. The April meeting featured Paul J. Beaver's "The Little Known Lincoln Country" and a dramatic/musical program on the life of Abraham Lincoln. In commemoration of the sesquicentennial of the birth of John Hay, the October 8 meeting was held at Brown University with presentations from Jennifer Lee ("John Hay: From Poetry to Statesmanship") and Frank J. Williams ("John Hay and Abraham Lincoln: A Relationship Re-examined").

On February 7, the Lincoln Boyhood National Memorial in Lincoln City, Indiana, and the Lincoln Club of Southern Indiana heard George Painter deliver his "Abraham Lincoln and the Constitution." Over the weekend of August 12–14, the Lincoln Boyhood National Memorial sponsored the 1988 Indiana Lincoln Festival with an exhibit and publication entitled A Brief History of Lincoln City, Indiana.

Members of the Lincoln Group of the District of Columbia saw Harold Holzer's February 9 slide presentation, "Lincoln from Life." S. L. Carson presented a slide presentation of "Robert Todd Lincoln's Hildene" before the group of March 15. The May 17 meeting featured Tamara Melia, who spoke on "Lincoln's Navy." Sherrill V. Martin presented "Sounds of the Civil War" at the September 20 meeting. On October 18, Jean H. Baker presented "Mary Todd Lincoln: Myths and Realities" and Joseph George presented "'The World Will Little Note': Newspapers and the Gettysburg Address."

Mark A. Plummer delivered the first Harman Memorial Lincoln Lecture, "Lincoln and the Rail-Splitter Election," at Washburn University, Topeka, Kansas, on April 19. [End Page 74]

The annual Lincoln Day observance was held by the New York Avenue Presbyterian Church, Washington, D.C. on February 7, and included a reading of Lincoln's second inaugural address by Nancy Grosshans, a medley of songs of the Civil War with the New York Avenue Choir, Stephen H. Prussing, director, and "Robert Todd Lincoln's Hildene" by Robert T. Thum.

Father Daniel A. Degnan delivered the address at the 123rd annual dinner of the Lincoln Association of Jersey City on February 12.

James M. McPherson, Huntington-Seaver Fellow in the History of Liberty and Edwards Professor of American History at Princeton, delivered "Lincoln and Liberty: From a Negative to a Positive Concept of Freedom in the Civil War Era" at the Huntington Library on April 7.

Lloyd Ostendorf discussed the tragedies in the male Lincoln line at the fourth annual 1840s period dinner and benefit auction of the Lincoln Log Cabin/Lincoln Sargent Farm Foundation on February 20. Other participants included Basil Moore, Lincoln humorist and lecturer; Thomas F. Schwartz, curator of the Lincoln Collection of the Illinois State Historical Library; Bob Coomer, superintendent of historic sites, Illinois Historic Preservation Agency; and Bernadine Bailey, Lincoln author.

The Civil War Institute at Gettysburg College has started a newsletter with John Nace as editor.

The bulletin of the 44th annual meeting of the Lincoln Fellowship of Wisconsin featuring Wayne C. Temple's "Dr. Anson G. Henry: Personal Physician to the Lincolns" was distributed in April.

Robert W. Johannsen, author of the definitive biography of Stephen A. Douglas, delivered the address on the occasion of the 127th anniversary of Douglas's death on June 4 at the Douglas Tomb in Chicago.

John A. Lloyd delivered the fourth annual Lloyd Ostendorf lecture, "The Secret of Mr. Lincoln's Greatness," at Lincoln Memorial University, Harrogate, Tennessee, on February 12. LMU has published this lecture.

The newly formed Lincoln Group of Illinois has become one of the most active and fastest growing groups in the country with more than 160 members. With the Lincoln Home National Historic Site and the Sangamon County Historical Society, the group sponsored the third annual Lincoln Colloquium at the Lincoln Library in Springfield on October 15. Craig Colten discussed the evolution of Lincoln placenames. Thomas Keiser analyzed the abuse heaped upon Lincoln in the North and in England. Helen Crocker discussed the English [End Page 75] playwright John Drinkwater's 1918 dramatization of Lincoln's presidency, and Richard Sloan presented his very popular "Lincoln's Assassination and John Wilkes Booth as Depicted in Theater Arts." The papers from the first two symposia have been published and are available from the Lincoln Home National Historic Site.

A full day's activities surrounded the 125th anniversary of Lincoln's Gettysburg Declaration on November 19, sponsored by the Lincoln Fellowship of Pennsylvania. A reenactment of Lincoln's arrival, with James Getty portraying President Lincoln, opened the program. Chief Justice William Rehnquist and members of the Pennsylvania legislature were in the audience. Luncheon speaker Mark E. Neely, Jr. discussed the "irrelevance of the Milligan decision." Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jr., presented the annual Fortenbaugh lecture at Gettysburg College, speaking on "Lincoln and FDR as Commanders in Chief."

Lincoln Legals Project

A descriptive article about The Lincoln Legals: A Documentary History of the Law Practice of Abraham Lincoln, 1836–1861, was written by Herbert Mitgang for the New York Times and syndicated on February 11. It was carried on that date in the Illinois State Journal-Register. Formerly under the aegis of Roger D. Bridges and now Cullom Davis, the project is being financed, in part, by the Illinois Historic Preservation Agency. The Abraham Lincoln Association and the College of Law, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign are co-sponsoring the project. The editor has called for copies of any documents relating to Abraham Lincoln's law practice, whether letters or legal pleadings. While supported by the State of Illinois, your tax-deductible contribution would help the present budgetary shortfall. Please make your checks payable to the Abraham Lincoln Association and send to the Old State Capitol, Springfield, Illinois 62701, designating your contribution for the Lincoln Legals.

Through the good detective work of William D. Beard, assistant editor of the project, six previously unknown cases in which Lincoln was counsel and which were argued before the Illinois Supreme Court were uncovered in the basement of the Illinois Supreme Court building.

Lincoln Home National Historic Site

The 179th anniversary of Abraham Lincoln's birthday was celebrated at the Lincoln Home with the showing of two films relating [End Page 76] to Lincoln's birthplace in Kentucky and his boyhood years in Indiana: "Lincoln, the Kentucky Years" and "Here I Grew Up."

After months of rehabilitation and $2.2 million, the Lincoln Home was reopened on June 16. Illinois Governor James R. Thompson delivered the major address.

On July 12, the public was treated to "Face-to-Face with Billy Yank: A Dramatized Interview with a Civil War Soldier." James W. Patton, III, an interpreter at Lincoln's New Salem State Historic Site, narrated a slide presentation, "Lincoln at New Salem," on July 13.

Lincoln Home employee Judith Winkelmann portrayed Mrs. Edwards in "Finding Mrs. Lincoln: A Dramatized Interview with Mary Lincoln's Older Sister, Mrs. Elizabeth Todd Edwards" on July 19.

"Lincoln Home Archeology" was presented on July 21 and August 18 with Albert Brine, one of the archeologists who investigated the Lincoln Home and other historic site structures in the area.

Paul Presney, Jr., portrayed William H. Herndon July 26 in "The Real Lincoln? A Dramatized Interview with Lincoln's Law Partner and Biographer." Nan Wynn presented a slide presentation of Lincoln's Tomb on July 27, and on July 28 and August 11, James W. Patton, III, presented his slide presentation, "The Reconstruction of Lincoln's New Salem." The National Park Service presented a twilight tour of the Lincoln Home neighborhood on July 29, and John Squibb delivered his lecture "Lincoln and the Election of 1860" on July 29.

U.S. District Court Judge Richard Mills presented "A. Lincoln: The Consummate Lawyer" on August 8, and Judith Baumann presented "A Glimpse of Glory: Lincoln at Vandalia" on August 10. Mr. Richard Schachtsiek, superintendent of the Postville Courthouse and Mount Pulaski Courthouse State Historic Sites, presented "Lincoln the Lawyer in Logan County: Postville and Mount Pulaski Courthouses" on August 17.

Conferences

The National Theater Conference at Ford's Theater on December 28, 1987, featured John Ford Sollers and Grace Newton Sollers, donors of the John Thompson Ford collection to the Library of Congress, who presented "Lincoln and Ford's Theater."

The eighth annual Illinois History symposium sponsored by the Illinois State Historical Society on December 4–5, 1987, featured two sessions on Lincoln. Papers were read by Thomas Keiser, "Abra- [End Page 77] ham Lincoln and the English Press," and Robert Bray, "The Cartwright-Lincoln Acquaintance," with comments by Thomas F. Schwartz. The second session heard papers by Jim R. Martin, "The Secret Baptism of Abraham Lincoln," and James Stevenson "Interpreting Abraham Lincoln's Affinity for Macbeth," with comments by Paul J. Beaver.

The Virginia Country Civil War Society presented a one-day symposium, "The Valley Campaign of 1864," on January 30 in West Palm Beach, Florida.

The 15th annual Abraham Lincoln symposium, sponsored by the Abraham Lincoln Association and the Illinois Historic Preservation Agency, was held February 12 in the Old State Capitol, Springfield, with papers by John Y. Simon, "Lincoln and Ann Rutledge," and Jean H. Baker, "Mary Todd Lincoln: Managing Home, Children and Husband," and comments by Judith L. Everson of Sangamon State University. The Prairie Capitol Singers presented a musical drama in the House of Representatives following the annual Association dinner.

The American Civil War Commemorative Committee, Inc., sponsored the 125th anniversary reenactment of the Battle of Gettysburg, June 24–26.

The Pacific Coast Branch of the American Historical Association presented "The Novel as History: William Safire's Freedom" in San Francisco on August 12. William Hanchett chaired and Larry E. Burgess, William C. Davis, Joseph George, and Mark E. Neely, Jr. were panelists.

A conference in honor of retiring professor James A. Rawley, University of Nebraska, was held May 1–2, 1987, with the theme "Nineteenth Century American Political History." Among the papers delivered were "Lincoln and Johnson: A Comparison" by Hans L. Trefousse, "Salmon P. Chase and the Republican Presidential Nominating Conventions of 1856 and 1860: Bolingbroke or Radical Reformer?" by John Niven, "Lincoln and Other Yuppie Lawyers: Abolitionism as a Professional and Political Problem" by Harold M. Hyman, and "Lincoln and the Rhetoric of Politics" by Phillip S. Paludan. Joel Silbey, Michael Holt, and Richard N. Current offered comments.

The Vicksburg National Military Park (3201 Clay Street, 39180) celebrated the 125th anniversary of the campaign and siege of Vicksburg with a series of bus and walking tours, interpretive programs at the military park, and symposium speakers, including Robert Walker (May 17, "Blacks and the Vicksburg Campaign"), Reverend [End Page 78] Larry Daniel (May 20, "General John Pemberton at Champion Hill"), Grady McWhiney (May 21, "Jefferson Davis and His Generals") and Ed Bearss (May 22, "General Grant at Vicksburg").

The Monmouth County Library in Manalapan, New Jersey, presented "The Civil War in Book and Film" April 20–23. Among the papers delivered were Richard N. Current's "Abraham Lincoln the President" and Gabor S. Boritt's "Abraham Lincoln and His Generals."

The 54th annual meeting of the Southern Historical Association was held November 9–11, 1987, in Norfolk, Virginia, and featured a session on "Women and the Impact of the Civil War," with Phillip S. Paludan presiding. Papers were delivered by Gordon B. McKinney, "The Other Victims: Women in Civil War Western North Carolina," Marli Weiner, "Women Confront the New South: Women's Organizations and the Problem of Race," Wendy Hamand, "The Woman's National Loyal League: Feminists, Abolitionists, and the Civil War," with comments by Jean Friedman. "Longshadows: A Legacy of the American Civil War"—a new Civil War film by the James Agee Film Project—was shown, and the Society of Civil War Historians held a panel discussion on Civil War naval history, with W. N. Stitt presiding.

Editorials

The fuss over senator and presidential candidate Joseph R. Biden, Jr., raised a ruckus that inspired several articles, including one by Clifford D. May that appeared in "Washington Talk" (New York Times, September 21, 1987). May alluded to the natural function of politicians to paraphrase or plagiarize others. One example, purportedly in this category, is Abraham Lincoln, who in 1863 at Gettysburg used the phrase "government of the people, by the people, for the people," which in that author's view was the same as Daniel Webster's words in 1830, "people's government, made for the people, made by the people, and answerable to the people." While I will let the readers determine whether or not this falls into the Biden category, I must respectfully demur. No one said that Lincoln's thoughts at Gettysburg were totally original, but neither can one accuse him of being a plagiarist, especially when the view of government and the people was not only shared by Senator Webster and President Lincoln but by most Americans who dared read the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution. [End Page 79]

Russell Baker nudged Senator Biden's use of others' oratory in "Man Here Needs a Ghost" (New York Times, September 19, 1987). Baker pretended to ask questions to which Biden would respond with portions of speeches made by others not relating to the question asked. One of Baker's responses for Biden borrowed the opening lines of Lincoln's second inaugural address.

The New York Times on February 26 gloated over the Supreme Court decision to sustain the overturning of the verdict for Reverend Jerry Falwell and his suit against Larry Flynt's Hustler as a victory for a free press and the First Amendment. The Times supported the editorial with a Punch cartoon by John Tenniel depicting Lincoln's profile on the body of an eagle, entitled "Federal Phoenix."

In his column "On Language" (New York Times Magazine, March 6, 1988), William Safire took Vice President George Bush to task for attributing his statement "Here I stand—warts and all" to Mr. Lincoln when Bush presented himself to the New Hampshire electorate after his defeat in Iowa. Safire's research revealed that it was not Lincoln who said this, despite the wart on the right side of his face; it was the Lord Protector, Oliver Cromwell.

Read Kingsbury, senior editor of the Times-Union in Albany, discussed the preliminary Emancipation Proclamation owned by the State of New York and issued by Lincoln on September 22, 1862. In his editorial, "He Found Words to Free Slaves, Preserve Union," (Rochester Democratan Chronicle, February 12, 1988) Kingsbury said "I know there's a controversy about whether Lincoln ordered the emancipation of enemy-held slaves because he abhorred slavery or because he hoped to split the Confederacy. Why either/or?"

In its annual Lincoln editorial on February 12, the State Journal-Register (Springfield, Illinois) used Carl Sandburg's "steel and velvet" peroration before a joint session of the Congress on February 12, 1959.

In his February 12, 1988 Chicago Tribune editorial "A Sad Evolution into Wage Slavery," economist Dan Lacey took our society to task for ignoring Abraham Lincoln's wish that all should attempt to step above a wage-oriented economy. Lincoln's wish for everyone to strive toward capitalism, knowing that one had to labor in the vineyards first, is in disarray today. Lacey believes as we have disavowed this by being content with a wage (in most cases, two) economy which only exacerbates individual and national debt.

Paul Greenberg's article, "Today's Candidates Lack Substance of Lincoln, Douglas," appeared February 12 in the Seattle Post-Intelligencer. He bemoaned the superficiality of today's presidential [End Page 80] candidates and compared them to Lincoln and Douglas, who, while not running for the presidency in 1858, debates issues and made statements of substance that affected the election of 1860. Greenburg described the 1988 lineup of presidential candidates as "a vague collection of Buchanans and Pierces and Fillmores."

Tom Wicker bemoaned the loss of a portion of the Bull Run battlefield in "A Heritage Imperiled" (New York Times, April 1, 1988). He protested plans for building a shopping mall on the site of General Lee's headquarters and the staging area for General James Longstreet's counterattack at the second battle in 1862, which drove the army of General John Pope from the field.

William Safire's "How to Write a Memoir" (New York Times, April 18, 1988) discussed former press aide Larry Speakes's unethical behavior in attributing his own statements to President Reagan. Safire noted that even John Hay, President Lincoln's junior secretary, jotted down on April 24, 1861, President Lincoln's despairing comment "I don't believe there is a North" when he was concerned by the absence of Union troops. Yet, years later, Mr. Hay attempted to present a different image of Lincoln by amending the quote to read "I begin to believe there is no North." The point, of course, is that presidential aides should make careful notes and quote their leaders accurately.

Richard N. Current responded to Gore Vidal's essay, "Passing the Word of History and Hagiography" (Los Angeles Times, March 24, 1988) with his own letter June 8. Current noted numerous historical errors in Vidal's Lincoln: A Novel. Current also charged that, in his Times essay, Vidal had failed to respond to Current's criticisms except on one issue: whether or not Lincoln, to the end of his life, had favored colonization. In his essay, Vidal had cited Current as the very authority on whom he could rely for such a policy. Current responded that, while he had never argued that it was his opinion or accepted fact that Lincoln favored colonization, he had cited General Ben Butler's report that the President had summoned him to the White House in the spring of 1865 to discuss the possibility of removing the colored population from the United States. Current concluded that, if Ben Butler could be believed, Lincoln had remained a colonizationist to the end of his life.

In his essay, "Past Reality, Present Fantasy" (Christian Science Monitor, June 28, 1988), Current took to task those books and the resulting miniseries that distort historical characters and cause them to say or do things they never actually did. Gore Vidal states that Lincoln and other principal characters of his novel did "pretty much" in [End Page 81] real life what he has them saying and doing. This is not so. As examples, Current stated, "The real Lincoln never threatened to 'burn Baltimore to the ground,' nor did he flout the Constitution and its provisions regarding habeas corpus. Neither did he go before a congressional committee to intimidate his fellow Republicans into keeping quiet about Mrs. Lincoln's transgressions. ... " Current was troubled, too, by television critics who willingly accept these views of history as the truth.

Senator Paul Simon noted in "What I learned, reflections on my run" (New York Times Magazine, July 3, 1988), adapted from his book, Winners and Losers (about the presidential primaries), that while there were more debates in 1988 than in any prior presidential campaign, they did not really come up to the standard of a true "debate" and were "as different from the Lincoln-Douglas debates as a Beethoven symphony is from a radio jingle." Today's candidates often must limit their answers to journalists' questions to less than a minute.

William F. Buckley's column, "Democrats Have Only 'Petulant Nothingness' to Retail to the Voters" (Providence Journal-Bulletin, July 23), forgave Michael Dukakis's lack of oratorical ability by recalling that Lincoln was "not an orator." By doing so, Buckley erroneously disparaged Lincoln, who had great oratorical ability, as he was able to sway juries and crowds.

Arts

President and Mrs. Reagan's 1987 Christmas card featured the White House State Dining Room (the East Room), with the G. P. A. Healey portrait of Lincoln prominently displayed. Thomas William Jones of Bellevue, Washington, was the watercolor artist.

Mike Virgintino (1869 Andre Place, Yorktown Heights, NY 10598) has reproduced on VHS video the five-hour documentary, The Divided Union.

Recorded Books, Inc. (6306 Aaron Lane, Clinton, MD 20735) has available on cassettes Part II (The War Years) of the well-written memoirs of U. S. Grant.

Spoken Arts Records has reproduced a portion of Abraham Lincoln's speeches delivered by Roy Basler in tape cassette (310 North Avenue, New Rochelle, NY 10801).

An outdoor musical drama written and produced by Billy Edd [End Page 82] Wheeler, Young Abe Lincoln, was performed at Lincoln State Park, Lincoln City, Indiana.

In last year's article, I reported that New York City's "Adopt-a-Monument Plan" included a request for funds to refurbish Henry Kirke Brown's Abraham Lincoln, which stands in Prospect Park, Brooklyn. Since then, Lincoln Savings Bank of Brooklyn has provided the sum of $40,250 necessary for this conservation project.

Hawkhill Associates, Inc. (125 E. Gilman, Madison, WI 53703) has reproduced its A. Lincoln film script for a 35mm slide and cassette presentation as well as in a video cassette format.

NBC presented its four-hour "epic" based on Gore Vidal's Lincoln on March 27 and 28. Ernest Kinnoy wrote the television script. Sam Waterston starred as Abraham Lincoln and Mary Tyler Moore portrayed Mary Lincoln. Despite the efforts of these two fine actors, this author gave the production a "C" for entertainment and "D" for historical accuracy. It is unfortunate that millions of viewers came away with an inaccurate view of Lincoln.

In January Cartoonist Wright of the Miami News showed the Lincoln of the Lincoln Memorial with his hand to his eyes in grief over the caption "He's been like that since Jimmy the Greek hit town!"—an expression of concern about the oddsmaker's comments regarding black athletes.

PBS presented Look-Away, a chronicle of the life of Mary Todd Lincoln. Ellen Burstyn portrayed Mrs. Lincoln.

Owen T. P. McGowan, director of the Clement C. Maxwell Library, accepted a diorama of the third day of the Battle of Gettysburg, created by Paul Abrahamson, who presented it to the college in memory of his brother, Murray Abrahamson.

Chattanooga Coin Co. (P.O. Box 80158, Chattanooga, TN 37411) has for sale a one-pound silver coin featuring presidential profiles sculpted by Thomas D. Rogers.

Bruce Bailey's article, "Three Score and Seventeen Restored 'Seated Lincoln' Statue Rededicated in Newark" (The Star Ledger, February 12, 1988), tells of the replication of the enchanting Gutzon Borglum work, especially loved by children who can sit on the bench next to the President.

The exhibit A Confederate Image continued at the Museum of the Confederacy in Richmond from April 22 to September 25, then traveled to the Virginia Military Institute in Lexington. It was also scheduled to visit the Mississippi State Historical Museum in Jackson, the Newberry Library in Chicago, and the Jimmy Carter Presidential Library in Atlanta. [End Page 83]

The National Museum of History, Taipei, Taiwan, hosted the exhibit Treasures from the Land of Lincoln between March 20 and 24. The artifacts were borrowed from the Lincoln collection of the Illinois State Historical Library.

The Philadelphia Maritime Museum opened its special exhibition, "Ironclad Intruder: U.S.S. Monitor," on March 25.

Michael Hill of the Baltimore Sun syndicated his article "Portraying Lincoln's wife 'big challenge'" about Mary Tyler Moore's portrayal of Mary Todd Lincoln for the NBC miniseries Lincoln. The article appeared in the Oregonian on January 11.

On March 3 cartoonist Oliphant depicted Dukakis, Gephardt, Jackson, Gore, and Hart as "carpetbaggers" or as "Democrats who took the South."

Sangamon State University, under the direction of J. Michael Lennon and Marilyn Huff, produced a TV documentary about the restoration of the Lincoln Home in Springfield.

Newport News Shipbuilding, which constructed the U.S.S. Abraham Lincoln, issued a handsome brochure for the christening ceremonies, held February 13, which contained much Lincoln material, including a fine survey by John Y. Simon entitled "Lincoln's Navy."

House of Tyrol (P.O. Box 909, Gateway Plaza, Cleveland, GA 30528) has two video recordings available: Civil War Battlefields (V532) and The Civil War in Pictures (V705).

The Louis A. Warren Lincoln Library and Museum in Fort Wayne, Indiana, has produced a handsome poster, "The Lincoln Family Tree," based on photographs it recently acquired from a cache owned by Lincoln's last surviving descendant, Robert Todd Lincoln Beckwith.

The 1988 Attendance Award, promulgated for Boy Scout pilgrimages on Lincoln's birthday by the Louis A. Warren Lincoln Library and Museum, featured Max Bachman's sculpture Abraham Lincoln, located in Minneapolis.

The Stephen Foster Memorial of the University of Pittsburgh (15260) has produced a tape cassette of The Blues and the Grays, containing music from both sections of the country at the time of the Civil War.

The Edwin Knowles Company continues its production of limited edition plates in its Lincoln series with Beginnings in New Salem. Other plates in the series are The Gettysburg Address, The Second Inaugural, and The Lincoln-Douglas Debates.

Filmmaker James Agee (316 E. Main Street, Johnson City, TN 37601) has produced Long Shadows, an 88-minute documentary [End Page 84] available in 16mm or video about American perceptions of the Civil War.

Lloyd Ostendorf's annual cartoon ("If destruction be our lot, we must ourselves be its author and finisher. We must live ... or die by suicide.... " A. Lincoln) appeared in the K-O Times and shows a shocked Lincoln as he views nuclear leaks, church scandals, terrorism, drugs, and alcohol abuse.

Even in Palm Springs (or at least close to Palm Springs in Morongo Valley, CA) there is the presence of Lincoln. Each Sunday afternoon Bill and Joy Groves offer various biographical productions in their Lincoln cabin.

The 1987 annual report of the Lincoln National Corporation featured "Lincoln the Youth" by Indiana artist George McCullough, based on his interpretation of Paul Manship's statue Abraham Lincoln: The Hoosier Youth.

The Petrarch Press (133 W. 72nd Street, NY 10023), in honor of the 125th anniversary of the Gettysburg Address, produced two special prints of Abraham Lincoln's declaration.

Key Video (39000 Seventh Mile Road, Livonia, MI 48152) has reproduced in VHS Young Mr. Lincoln with Henry Fonda and Alice Brady. This is the 1940 production by Darryl Zanuck, directed by John Ford.

Atlas Video, Inc. (1418 Montague Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20011) has released two video documentaries: Civil War: the Fiery Trial and Ironclads: The Monitor and the Merrimac.

The Cooper Union has produced a deck of playing cards featuring its Great Hall and the famous speakers who expounded their views there (Office of Public Affairs, Cooper Square, New York, NY 10003).

The National Museum of American Art (formerly the National Collection of Fine Arts) of the Smithsonian Institution, Gallery Place, Eighth and G Streets, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20560, is conducting an inventory of American sculpture from colonial times to the present and continuing the inventory begun in 1971 of American paintings executed prior to 1914. Please write for a questionnaire and assist in this worthwhile historical undertaking.

Alice Tully Hall at Lincoln Center presented another Robert Wilson type play, The Lincolns by Ethyl Eichelberger, on July 21. The reviewer for The New York Times, Jennifer Dunning, called this "a wild brand of theater. Half Lincolnesque figure, half huckster in his black top hat and suit, Mr. Eichelberger plays his accordion and sings, recites the Gettysburg Address and delivers some skewed aphorisms and a knock-knock joke...." [End Page 85]

Video Yesteryear (Box C137, Sandy Hook, CT 06482) offers the Westinghouse Studio One production of Abraham Lincoln by John Drinkwater, first telecast May 26, 1952 with James Dean in his first TV appearance, playing a Civil War soldier sentenced to be shot for desertion. This company also offers a cassette tape of two early radio broadcasts of Hallmark Cards' Abraham Lincoln—The Prairie Years by Carl Sandburg, starring Gregory Peck, and Cavalcade of America's Abraham Lincoln: The War Years with Raymond Massey.

A Civil War exhibit, "A Nation Divided: The War Between the States, 1861–1865," was displayed at the Chicago Public Library Cultural Center.

Exhibits

Thomas F. Schwartz, curator of the Lincoln Collection at the Illinois State Historical Library, put together an exhibit, "The Constitution in Crisis, Abraham Lincoln, Slavery, and the Union," in commemoration of the bicentennial of the Constitution on September 17, 1987. The exhibit was shown at the Old State Capitol in Springfield.

On January 9, the New York State Library in Albany placed the original manuscript of the Emancipation Proclamation, issued on September 22, 1862, on exhibit in the lobby of the State Museum, Governor Nelson A. Rockefeller Empire State Plaza.

The Morris Museum of Morristown, New Jersey, presented an exhibit of large albumen prints of Civil War scenes, including Abraham Lincoln and General Robert E. Lee, from the private collection of David L. Hack of West Orange, New Jersey.

The Civil War Library and Museum of Philadelphia held a reception April 21 in honor of its exhibit, "The Spoils of War: Running the Blockade during the Civil War," which was shown in the National Archives, Philadelphia Branch, from January 27 to July 31.

Cavalier Galleries of Stamford, Connecticut, exhibited a scale model of Mount Rushmore with a larger-than-life bronze of Abraham Lincoln by Gutzon Borglum.

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Tours

The History Book Club presented its Great Journeys, Campaigns of the Civil War: The Peninsular Campaign (April 6–10), Mississippi Valley Campaign (May 28–June 5), Gettysburg—the 125th Anni- [End Page 86] versary (June 22–26), and Sherman's March to the Sea (October 29–November 5).

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Rita Mae Brown surveyed the many Civil War reenactments scheduled for 1988 (Travel Section, New York Times, June 12). This was the 125th anniversary of the battles of Gettysburg and Vicksburg.

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The 38th annual battlefield tour of the Civil War Round Table in Chicago celebrated the 125th anniversary of the Battle of Chancellorsville from April 28 through May 1.

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Auctions

Riba-Mobley Auctions sold several Lincoln items on November 7, 1987, including a lamp used by the President at a secret war conference, his carpetbag, and a large collection of letters and documents addressed to Lincoln.

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On November 24, 1987, Sotheby's of London auctioned, as a single lot, currency bonds issued by the Confederate States of America and only recently discovered in a London warehouse. These bonds had been held there many decades after failed attempts by the holders to redeem them from the United States government after the fall of the Confederacy.

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The annual auction of the Lincoln Group of the District of Columbia, featuring artifacts from Ford's Theater, was held December 16, 1987, at the Fort Lesley J. McNair Officers' Club.

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Sotheby's auction on April 16 featured Abraham Lincoln's signed authorization for the issuance of the Emancipation Proclamation. This was the presidential order directing the Secretary of State to affix the seal of the United States to the proclamation signed by Lincoln on New Year's Day, 1863. A recent discovery, it sold for $192,500 plus 20% in commissions. At the same auction, Abraham Lincoln's gracious letter to the Army of the Potomac dated December 22, 1862, an attempt to assuage his and their feelings at the great loss at the Battle of Fredericksburg, was sold for $236,000 plus 20% in commissions.

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Swann Galleries conducted an auction of printed Americana including much assassination material from the Edward Doherty Archive.

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Christie's East auctioned the "Century" collection of Civil War art May 27. The drawings, originally commissioned in the 1880s by Century Magazine, had been lost for 60 years. The sale price totaled $289,135. [End Page 87]

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On October 26, Sotheby's sold at auction the note from Robert E. Lee to Ulysses S. Grant written the morning of April 9, 1865, calling for a suspension of hostilities pending their negotiation of a Confederate surrender.

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The Cases of the Missing Documents—Continued

Charles Merrill Mount, nee Stanley Merrill Suchow, was convicted by a jury in the U.S. District Court of Boston on April 18 of interstate transportation of stolen goods taken from the National Archives. At sentencing on May 23, Mount received a three-year prison term by Judge Rya Zobel and was ordered to repay the $20,000 given to him by Goodspeed's Bookshop in July 1987. It was Goodspeed's who alerted the authorities.

111

In the meantime, a Federal Grand Jury is investigating the missing documents from the Rosenbach Museum in Philadelphia; allegedly some had been sold by manuscript dealer Paul Richards after he bought them from the former curator of the museum, Clive Driver.

112

Awards

Weldon E. Petz, long-time student and writer on all things Lincoln, received the Governor's Award as an outstanding citizen of Michigan. The Michigan State Senate proclaimed a tribute day in his honor.

113

Robert K. Krick, chief historian for the Federicksburg and Spotsylvania National Military Park, was selected by the Civil War Round Table of Chicago September 9 to receive the 1988 Nevins-Freeman award.

114

Harold Holzer, publicist, author, and expert in Lincoln iconography, received the Lincoln Diploma of Honor from Lincoln Memorial University May 7.

115

The theme for the second annual Lincoln essay competition of the Lincoln Home National Historic Site in Springfield was "Lincoln's Years in Springfield." Shawnika Champion won first prize, and Rachel Duda took second prize.

116

William Safire received the prestigious Barondess/Lincoln Award from the Civil War Round Table of New York February 10 for his Freedom.

117

Robert V. Bruce, past president of the Lincoln Group of Boston [End Page 88] and author of Lincoln and the Tools of War (1956), won the 1987 Pulitzer Prize in History for The Launching of Modern American Science, 1846–1876, published by Alfred A. Knopf.

118

William Gienapp received the Avery Craven Award from the Organization of American Historians for The Origins of the Republican Party, 1852–1856, published by Oxford University Press.

119

Peter R. Kolchin took one of the 1988 Bancroft Prizes in American History for his Unfree Labor: American Slavery and Russian Serfdom, published by Harvard University Press.

120

James I. (Bud) Robertson, Jr., received the 1987 Fletcher Pratt Award for his General A. P. Hill: The Story of a Confederate Warrior.

121

Russell Freedman received the 1988 Newbury Medal for his Lincoln: A Photobiography.

122

The theme of the seventh annual Lincoln Era Essay Contest, sponsored by the Lilly Library, Indiana University, Bloomington, was "Lincoln and the Elections of 1860 and 1864." The papers are available from the library.

123

Abraham Lincoln himself received a diploma "in recognition of his contribution to civil rights in the United States and the world" by the Town of Sarandi, State of Parana, Brazil. Martin Luther King, Jr., and John F. Kennedy were also honored. The Abraham Lincoln Association accepted the Diploma of Honor on behalf of President Lincoln. According to the U.S. Information Service, Mayor Bifon of Sarandi awarded the diplomas as part of the town's observance of the centennial of the abolition of slavery in Brazil, which took place on May 13, 1888.

124

Jackie Dunlap received first prize in the 1988 annual history fair sponsored by the Illinois State Historical Society for her 1/24 scale model of the Lincoln Home.

125

Periodicals

The State Journal-Register ("The Weekend Journal") featured the Lincoln Home restoration November 27, 1987. Doug Pokorski's article "Lincoln statue has a disarming distinction" about the Lincoln statue in Rosamond Cemetery, Chicago, appeared in the State Journal-Register (Springfield) February 12.

126

The Civil War Quarterly distributed in December 1987 reviewed The Confederate Image: Prints of the Lost Cause by Mark E. Neely, Jr., Harold Holzer, and Gabor S. Boritt.

127

The December 1986 issue of the Journal of American Studies pre- [End Page 89] sented Bruce Collins's "The Lincoln-Douglas Contest of 1858 and Illinois' Electorate" and John Ashworth's "The Democratic-Republicans Before the Civil War: Political Ideology and Economic Change."

128

The December 1987 issue of Civil War U.S.A. featured Larry Purvis's article on Stanton's early years, Susan Young's "Gettysburg Address More Than 'Four Score'" and a feature article on the The Confederate Image: Prints of the Lost Cause.

129

The Providence Sunday Journal Travel Section featured Phyllis Meras's article on "The Surrender at Appomattox" September 6, 1987, and Harold A. LeSieur's syndicated article "Lincoln Museum Takes You Back to Scene of the Crime" November 29, 1987.

130

Chad Carlton's syndicated article from the Chicago Tribune about Lincoln's hometown and the Lincoln legend was carried in the Providence Journal-Bulletin February 13.

131

John Martin, TV critic for the Providence Journal, presented his "Lincoln: Historical Soap" on March 25, and interviewed this author for his views on the NBC production Gore Vidal's Lincoln on March 28.

132

You can tell that Mark Neely is hard at work on his Constitution volume with the publication of "The Case of John N. Eitel" in the April and May 1987 issues of Lincoln Lore, and his "Stabbing the Constitution" (about the "arbitrary" arrest of Judge Richard Bennett Carmichael of the eastern shore of Maryland) in the May issue. The August 1987 issue featured "Freedom and the Genre of Historical Fiction" by Sarah McNair Vosmeier. The January 1988 issue contained Neely's highly critical review of Gore Vidal's Lincoln: A Novel, with research by Marilyn Tolbert. The February and March issues featured "Death's Jester: John Singleton Moseby." Sarah McNair Vosmeier discusses one of the few professional, female historians to focus on the Civil War period in her "Ella Lonn: Female Scholar and Civil War Historian" in the March issue. The May issue contained Sarah McNair Vosmeier's "The Indiana State Debt and Governor Oliver P. Morton: 'The Ablest and Most Energetic of the War Governors.'"

133

The spring issue of The Review of Politics (Notre Dame) contained Herman Belz's "Abraham Lincoln and American Constitutionalism."

134

Philip Shabecoff's "U.S. Fights a New Battle of Antietam," concerning the threat of development at Antietam Battlefield, appeared in the November 10, 1987 issue of the New York Times.

135

Jeffrey Wert's learning guide for the October 1987 issue of Civil War Times Illustrated related to "the diplomatic front" during the Civil War. Michael Hofferber's article about the bronzes of Augustus [End Page 90] Saint Gaudens, "Bronze Heroes," was in the November 1987 issue, as was William Harris Bragg's "Joe Brown vs. the Confederacy." The January issue contained "The War Inside the Church" by Herman Hattaway and Lloyd Hunter about churches that split over slaves and secession. Jeffrey Wert's learning guide contained "The Pain of Secession" in the same issue. The February issue contained Jean M. Hoefer's "The Woman 'Moses,'" about Harriet Tubman. Jeffrey Wert's learning guide for the month was "Our Constitution." The March issue contained "Mourning a National Casualty" by Roger G. Kennedy, in which the director of the National Museum of American History explained how the Civil War stifled American art and creativity, something akin to Robert Bruce's theory that the Civil War strangled American scientific advances. Kennedy's thesis was hotly disputed by Harold Holzer and Mark E. Neely, Jr., authors of The Lincoln Image and Images of the Lost Cause, who responded that Mr. Kennedy should have had cause for jubilation in recognizing the artistic record of the Civil War. The April issue was devoted entirely to Stonewall Jackson, and a special summer issue covered the 125th anniversary of the Battle of Gettysburg. The September issue contained an excerpt by Stephen W. Sears, "The Grand Campaign."

136

Antiques and the Arts Weekly featured "The Confederate Image" by Mark E. Neely, Jr., Harold Holzer, and Gabor S. Boritt on October 23, 1987.

137

Joseph George, Jr.'s "The North Affair: A Lincoln Administration Military Trial, 1864" appeared in the September 1987 issue of Civil War History along with "A Select Bibliography of Civil War Articles, 1986" compiled by James W. Geary. The December 1987 issue contained Allan G. Bogue's "William Parker Cutler's Congressional Diary of 1862–63," Edwin S. Redkey's "Black Chaplains in the Union Army," and A. Wilson Greene's "Opportunity to the South: Mead versus Jackson at Fredericksburg." The June issue contained Stephen W. Sears's "The Curious Case of General McClellan's Memoirs," Edwin C. Fishel's "Pinkerton and McClellan: Who Deceived Whom?" and Edward Hagerman's "Field Transportation and Strategic Mobility in the Union Armies." The September issue contained "How the Civil War Dictionary Came Into Being" by Mark M. Boatner, III, "The Protection of Black Rights in Seward's New York" by Paul Finkelman, "The Door to Slave Bastille: The Abolitionist Assault upon the Interstate Trade, 1833–1839" by David L. Lightner, and "Benjamin Butler's Naval Brigade" by Howard C. Westwood.

138

Lincoln Days, Inc. of the LaRue County Herald News published on October 8, 1987 its magazine, Lincoln and the Constitution. [End Page 91]

139

The summer 1987 issue of the Register of the Kentucky Historical Society contained William C. Davis's "John C. Breckinridge." The winter 1987 issue of the Register contained John David Smith's "E. Merton Colter, 'The Dunning School,' and The Civil War and Readjustment in Kentucky."

140

David Warren, who constructs reproductions of Lincoln furniture, wrote "Lincoln Corner Cabinet" for the September–October 1987 issue of Workbench. He has also published the plans in pamphlet form for a Lincoln Home Miniature Replica, available from him at a cost of $15 (Six N. Michigan, Chicago, IL 60602).

141

Arthur Schlesinger, Jr., interviewed William Safire in "Lincoln: Fiction and Fact" for the December 1987 issue of American Heritage. Daniel Aaron presented a fine article about George Templeton Strong, "The Greatest Diarist," in the March issue. As an offshoot of Mr. Strong's diary, Vera Brodsky Lawrence covered The New York Music Scene in the Days of George Templeton Strong, 1836–1875, Volume I, reviewing the period 1836–1850. Thomas Fleming contributed "West Point in Review" in April, and Stephen W. Sears, author of a new volume on George B. McClellan, asked why history has not been kinder to his subject in "God's Chosen Instrument" in the July–August issue.

142

This author's annual Lincoln article appeared in the February issue of Antiques & Collecting—Hobbies. John M. Taylor, whose article "American Presidential Autographs," appeared in the September issue, believes that Lincoln's autographs are the most prized.

143

The fall 1987 issue of Lincoln Herald contained "Eyewitness to History: Newton Ferree, the Lincoln Assassination and the Close of the Civil War in Washington" by John K. Lattimer and Terry Alford, John A. Lloyd's "Lincoln's Immortality," Joseph George, Jr.'s "The Trial and Execution of Two Confederate Agents in New York," and David Hein's "Lincoln in the 1850s: Freedom and Responsibility." Gary Planck continues his worthy "Lincoln News Digest" in every issue. The spring issue contained "Profanation of the Constitution: Radical Rule, 1861–1877" by Thomas Bland Keys, Raymond G. Lande's "Madness, Malingering and Malfeasance," and Harold Holzer's "Print of the Edition: Advertising the 'Death of Lincoln.'" The summer issue contained "Lincoln's Western Travel, 1859" by Waldo W. Braden, "The Literature of Confederate Victory: Forays in Imaginary History" by Stephen Davis, "Lincoln's Second Inaugural Address, March 4, 1865—A Study" by Louis William Doll, "His More Distant Hero: Horace Porter and Abraham Lincoln" by Richard Henry Owens, and "The Poetic Image of Abraham Lincoln" by James Stevenson. [End Page 92]

144

The September 15–21 issue of Illinois Times contained "Words for the 'Little Giant'" by Maija Devine.

145

The February issue of Illinois History had as its theme "Abraham Lincoln and Slavery," with the keynote piece by Roger D. Bridges, "Abraham Lincoln and the 'Peculiar Institution.'" Other contributions by Illinois high school students were "The Preserver of the Union" by Karen Landahl, "An Opinion on Slavery" by Dave Noble, "Lincoln and the Matson Slave Case" by Jennifer Ford, "Abraham Lincoln and Slavery, 1828–1863" by Mary Elizabeth Dueker, "Lincoln and Slavery" by Tom Rood, "Through the Eyes of a Freed Slave: 'Lincoln, Our Great Savior'" by Jason Ho, "The Great Emancipator?" by Katy Patterson, "Frederick K. Douglass Remembers Lincoln" by Donna Boundy, "Lincoln versus Frémont" by E. Jigarshah, "'Naturally Anti-slavery': Lincoln and 'That Peculiar Institution'" by Tina Kaneshiro, "Three Plans of Action" by Tracy Fencil, "Lincoln and 'That Peculiar Institution'" by Deepa Bhadra, and "The Long Road to Equality" by Amy Richardson.

146

In October 1987, the Lincoln Group of Illinois commenced its quarterly publication, The Lincoln Legacy. The January issue featured an article by Francis O. Krupka about the old stairway discovered in the Lincoln Home during renovation, Thomas J. Dyba's "A Neighborhood Changing for the Better," and Wayne C. Temple's "Mary Lincoln: Housewife." The July issue was devoted to the reopening of the Lincoln Home, Springfield, and contained a sample of the reproduced wallpaper used in Abraham Lincoln's bedroom.

147

Stephen Tomski's article "Not for Publication" appeared in the December 1987 Newmonth.

148

William J. Dean's "Abraham Lincoln" appeared in the New York Law Journal February 11 and Judge Joseph W. Bellacosa's "Demythologizing Lincoln" appeared February 19.

149

Timeline (Ohio Historical Society) for February–March contained Betty L. Mitchell's "Out of the Glass House: Robert Todd Lincoln's Crucial Decade." The June–July issue contained "Stephen Crane's Red Badge of Courage" by Stephen B. Oates.

150

Louis Beggi's "Lincoln and Lloyd George" appeared in the July–August issue of The Lincolnian published by the Lincoln Group of Washington. The September–October issue contained Benedict R. Maryniak's "Yankees in Yarmulkes: Jewish Chaplains in the Union Army" and Daniel L. Andree's "Lincoln's Grandmother: The Pioneer Woman."

151

Harold Holzer's traditional Lincoln article for the Antique Trader Weekly appeared February 10. In "What's New About 'Old Abe?'" [End Page 93] Mr. Holzer surveyed the present Lincoln field, describing the personalities involved and the progress made in studying and disseminating information about Lincoln.

152

The September–October 1987 issue of Illinois contained "Lincoln Log Cabin Gains a Neighbor" by Evelyn Goodrick and "White Snakeroot" by William Werner, Jr. The "milk sickness" was the cause of Nancy Lincoln's death. The November–December 1987 issue contained Dianne L. Beetler's "A New Salem Christmas." The January–February 1988 issue contained Michael White's "Tyrant in the White House," not about the President but about his youngest son, Willie, and the March–April 1988 issue contained White's study of "The Escape and Suicide of John Wilkes Booth." Sean Ginty wrote "Abraham Lincoln, the Indulgent Father" for the May–June issue. The September–October issue contained Michael K. White's "Journey of the Lincoln Funeral Train."

153

The winter 1987 issue of the Illinois Historical Journal contained Paul Finkelman's "Slavery, the 'More Perfect Union,' and the Prairie State." The spring issue contained "Forgotten Soldiers: The Confederate Prisoners at Camp Butler, 1862–1863" by Camilla A. Corlis Quinn and Robert M. Sutton's "The Northwest Ordinance: A Bicentennial Souvenir."

154

Parade (April 3) carried an excerpt from Harry S. Truman's More Plain Speaking, "The eight best presidents, the eight worst presidents—and why." Truman said of Lincoln: "He was a strong executive who saved the government, saved the United States.... He was the best kind of ordinary man, and when I say that he was an ordinary man, I mean that as high praise, ... That's the highest praise you can give a man, that he's one of the people and becomes distinguished...."

155

The Surratt Courier featured George Kackley's two-part article on Anna Ella Carroll in April and May. Laurie Verge's "That Man Lloyd" also appeared in the April issue.

156

Richard Halloran's "Serene Now, Antietam" appeared in the travel section of the Sunday New York Times April 10.

157

The May issue of the Journal of Southern History contained the thorough "Southern History in Periodicals, 1987: A Selected Bibliography" compiled by C. F. Monholland. The August issue contained Lacy K. Ford's "Republican Ideology in a Slave Society: The Political Economy of John C. Calhoun" and Brooks D. Simpson's "Grant's Tour of the South Revisited."

158

Appropriately, the Memorial Day editorial in The New York Times (May 30) referred to the "first" Memorial Day address as that given [End Page 94] by Abraham Lincoln at Gettysburg and pointed out that in a search for peace and reconciliation, Lincoln was not speaking only of Union forces when he referred to the "brave men living and dead," but must have been including Confederate forces as well. It was his hope, as it is ours today, that enemies would become friends.

159

Thomas A. Lewis contributed "There, in the heat of July, was the shimmering Capitol" to the July issue of Smithsonian. This is a fine narrative about Jubal Early's raid into Maryland and to the edge of Washington. President Lincoln witnessed a part of the skirmish at Fort Stevens and was allegedly abmonished by young Lieutenant Oliver Wendell Holmes to "Get down, you damn fool."

160

The Library of Congress Information Bulletin of July 18 contained "The Presidential Election Process: A Selected List of References" compiled by Louis Drummond and revised by Mary Kramer and John Simon.

161

The Chicago Tribune's "Welcome Mat Is Out Again at Lincoln's Illinois Home" was syndicated July 24.

162

The first issue of the Journal of Confederate History (Guild Bindery Press, Box 2071, Lakeway Station, Paris, TN 38242) featured "Why Study Confederate History?" by John McGlone, "The Mysterious Mist of Gettysburg" by Larry T. McGehee, "Hood's Division Opens the Assault" by Harry W. Pfanz, "In the Prison Cell I Sit" by James I. Robertson, "A Private's Imprisonment: The Wartime Diary of Chaplain Thomas H. Davenport," "The Federal March through Georgia: An Account of Pvt. William Norrell," "Buchanan and the Mobile Squadron" by William N. Still, Jr., "The Battle of Nashville" by Walter T. Durham, "An Account of the Battle of Nashville by Private Joe Johnston" transcribed and annotated by Tim Burgess, "The Constitution of the Confederate States of America as a Model of American Constitutional Reform" by Devereaux Dunlap Cannon, Jr., and "Strategic Victories or Tactical Defeats? Nathan Bedford Forrest at Brice's Crossroads, Harrisburg and the Memphis Raid."

163

Paul Horgan's "Doomsday and Mr. Lincoln" appeared in the July–August issue of The Saturday Evening Post.

164

Movie Collector's World on August 5 published Bill Levy's "Abe Lincoln in Illinois and Young Mr. Lincoln: Two Different Cinematic Views of Lincoln."

165

Harold Holzer and Mark E. Neely, Jr., co-authors (with Gabor S. Boritt) of The Confederate Image, wrote "Where Rebels Once Reigned—A Landmark of the Confederacy—Its White House—is newly restored as Jefferson Davis knew it" for the August issue of Americana. The September–October issue reviewed The Lincoln Highway: Main [End Page 95] Street Across America (University of Iowa Press), the story of the first transcontinental highway, with photographs by Drake Hokanson.

166

The August 15 issue of U.S. News & World Report featured "Reliving the Civil War ... Why America's Bloodiest Conflict Still Grips Us 125 Years Later," with commentary by James McPherson.

167

Books

Abraham Lincoln

Significantly, Rutgers University Press has reprinted The Collected Works of Abraham Lincoln. Although priced at $400 a set, it is important that this invaluable resource remain in print.

168

"Lincoln-175" was a fantastic conference at Gettysburg College in 1984 on the occasion of the 175th anniversary of Abraham Lincoln's birth. Under the leadership of Gabor S. Boritt, it featured dozens of papers. Many are now published in The Historian's Lincoln: Pseudohistory, Psychohistory and History, edited by Boritt and Norman O. Forness (University of Illinois Press).

169

Harold Holzer's paper "'True Likenesses,' 'Iron Masks,' and 'The Animal Himself': Abraham Lincoln from Life" was published by the Lincoln Memorial Shrine. Likewise, Oscar Handlin's "The Road to Gettysburg," delivered as the 25th annual Fortenbaugh Memorial Lecture at Gettysburg College on November 19, 1986, has been published by the college.

170

Gabor S. Boritt's excellent Abraham Lincoln, War Opponent and War President, the inaugural lecture of the Robert C. Fluhrer Professor of Civil War Studies at Gettysburg College on March 28, 1987, has been published and is available from the college.

171

Clarion Books/Tickner & Fields published Russell Freedman's prizewinning book for children, Lincoln: A Photobiography.

172

LSU has published Waldo W. Braden's Abraham Lincoln: Public Speaker.

173

The long-awaited Come Retribution: The Confederate Secret Service and the Assassination of Lincoln by William A. Tidwell with James O. Hall and David Winfred Gaddy has been published by the University Press of Mississippi.

174

Fred B. Rothman & Co. (10368 W. Centennial Road, Littleton, CO 80127) has reprinted Frederick Trevor Hill's Lincoln, the Lawyer.

175

The National Park Service, Harper's Ferry, West Virginia, has printed Katherine B. Menz's The Lincoln Home Historic Furnishings Report. [End Page 96]

176

Floyd Mansberger of Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, has written Archeological Investigations at the Lincoln Home National Historic Site, Springfield, Illinois for the National Park Service. If one is interested in what was found in the home's elaborate privy, copies may be obtained from the National Park Service, Midwest Archeological Center, Federal Building 474, 100 Centennial, Lincoln, NE 68508.

177

Former site superintendent Albert W. Banton, Jr., Ellen Carol Balm, and Jill York O'Bright have written Blocks 7 and 10 Elijah Iles' Edition Lincoln Home National Historic Site for the National Park Service.

178

Jill York O'Bright authored "There I Grew Up ...": A History of the Administration of Abraham Lincoln's Boyhood Home.

179

Sterling North's 1956 book, Abe Lincoln, Log Cabin to White House, was reissued by Landmark Books.

180

The Illinois Historic Preservation Agency has produced a handsome brochure describing The Lincoln Legals: A Documentary History of the Law Practice of Abraham Lincoln, 1836–1861.

181

Douglas H. Gregg's article "Abraham Lincoln and American Civil Religion" formed a part of American Christianity: A Case Approach, edited by Ronald C. White, Jr., Louis B. Weeks, and Garth M. Roselle (Eerdmans).

182

James W. Muller edited The Revival of Constitutionalism, which contained Robert K. Faulkner's "Lincoln and the Constitution" (University of Nebraska Press).

183

William D. Pederson and Ann M. McLaurin have edited The Rating Game in American Politics (Irvington) containing "Abraham Lincoln: The Saint and the Man" by James C. Davies.

184

Waldo W. Braden's "Abraham Lincoln (1809–1865), Sixteenth President of the United States" appeared in American Orators Before 1900: Critical Studies and Sources, edited by Bernard K. Duffy and Halford R. Ryan (Greenwood).

185

William Safire's forceful Freedom has been reissued in paperback by Avon.

186

Personal Contributions

An index for the Lincoln Log is available from its creator, Richard Sloan (3855 Arthur Avenue, Seaford, NY 11783). This is a valuable resource tool in that the Lincoln Log has not been published since 1980.

187

James David Altman (77 Folly Road, Charleston, SC 29407) wrote Mr. Lincoln's War on the South, Torlief S. Holmes wrote April Tragedy: [End Page 97] The Assassination of Abraham Lincoln (Old Soldier Books, Inc., Poolesville, MD 20837), and Ralph Geoffrey Newman reproduced the first proof of the etched portrait of Walt Whitman by Thomas Johnson with a facsimile of "O Captain! My Captain!"

188

H. D. Smiley authored Abraham Lincoln and the Washington Territory (Ye Gallean Press, P.O. Box 287-C, Fairfield, WA 99012).

189

Mary Todd Lincoln

In America's First Ladies: Private Lives of the Presidential Wives (Atheneum), Diana Dixon Healy points out that Mary Lincoln was the first woman in Washington to hire a mulatto woman as her dressmaker and was quoted as saying of her husband: "He is to be President of the United States someday; if I had not thought so, I never would have married him, for you can see he's not pretty. But look at him. Doesn't he look as if he would make a great President?"

190

The excellent Mary Todd Lincoln, Her Life and Letters, edited by Justin G. Turner and Linda Levitt Turner, with an introduction by Fawn M. Brodie, is now in paperback (International Publishing Corp., 560 Lexington, NY 10022).

191

Oxford University Press has published Betty Boyd Caroli's First Ladies.

192

Presidential Wives, An Anecdotal History by Paul F. Boller, Jr. (Oxford) includes a section on Mary Todd Lincoln.

193

Gerry Van der Heuvel attempts to point out the parallel experiences of Mary Todd Lincoln and Varina Howell Davis in Crowns of Thorns and Glory (Dutton).

194

Jean Baker's Mary Todd Lincoln: A Biography has been published in paperback by Norton.

195

Civil War

Salem House Publishers presented The Divided Union, the Story of the Great American War 1861–1865 by Peter Batty and Peter Parish to support the five-part TV series which commenced on November 11, 1987, on the Arts and Entertainment cable network.

196

St. Martin's Press has published the Royal Historical Society work by Douglas Fermer, James Gordon Bennett and the New York Herald, a Study of Editorial Opinion in the Civil War Era 1854–1867.

197

James M. McPherson's Battle Cry of Freedom: The Civil War Era, a volume in the Oxford History of the United States, has received glowing reviews. It was the Book of the Month Club and History [End Page 98] Book Club selection for January and remained on the best seller (nonfiction) list of The New York Times Book Review Section for many weeks. Edwin McDowell reported in The New York Times April 22 that Ballantine Books, in the largest reprint sale of any book published by a university press, paid $504,000 for the paperback rights. At the time of this report, Battle Cry was in its fourth printing and had sold 106,000 copies.

198

Jeffrey D. Wert authored From Winchester to Cedar Creek: The Shenandoah Campaign of 1864 (South Mountain). The University of Illinois Press has reprinted The Era of the Civil War, 1848–1870 by Arthur C. Cole, with an introduction by John Y. Simon.

199

Johns Hopkins University Press published Richard A. Sewell's A House Divided: Sectionalism and Civil War, 1848–1865.