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| Book Review | The Journal of American History, 95.1 | The History Cooperative
95.1  
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June, 2008
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Book Review



Divine Hierarchies: Class in American Religion and Religious Studies. By Sean McCloud. (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2007. xii, 224 pp. Cloth, $65.00, ISBN 978-0-8078-3160-1. Paper, $22.50, ISBN 978-0-8078-5849-3.)

If race, class, and gender form the proverbial holy trinity of contemporary academic studies in the humanities, the son of that trinity—class—has been orphaned sometimes in recent American religious history. Race has been central to scholarly work, and gender also animates much recent scholarship. Class, on the other hand, suffers from relative abandonment in the discussion of recent American religious historiography. Divine Hierarchies is not the foundational work needed, nor is it intended as such. Rather, Sean McCloud aims to re-open the conversation about how and why class matters in American religion. 1
      McCloud opens with a Pierre Bourdieu–influenced analysis of what "class" is. Not reducible to "class consciousness," nor "just a status grounded in material conditions," or the "sole, deterministic basis" of behavior, class is, in McCloud's usage, both an "externally ascribed status" as well as a half-chosen identity: "Class is about classification, representation, and the availability and constraint particular material conditions promote" (p. 29). Class is part of our "socially habituated subjectivity," reaching far beyond income and working occupation into our modes of speech, dress, foodways, and religious psychology (p. 28). . . .

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