| Book Review | The Journal of American History, 94.4

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| Book Review | The Journal of American History, 94.4 | The History Cooperative

Book Review

That Ever Loyal Island: Staten Island and the American Revolution. By Phillip Papas. (New York: New York University Press, 2007. xii, 185 pp. $45.00, ISBN 978-0-8147-6724-5.)

In his crisp That Ever Loyal Island, Phillip Papas explores the experiences of the inhabitants of Staten Island during the Revolutionary War to explain why many of them sided with the British instead of joining the American revolutionaries or remaining neutral. The book moves chronologically from the early stages of resistance through the end of the war, when the British finally abandoned the island after more than seven years of occupation. Papas begins by outlining the island's economic, political, ethnic, and religious composition. After showing how the island's pluralistic, ethnically diverse population participated in a market linked to the regional and Atlantic economy, Papas discusses how Dutch Reformers, Moravians, Presbyterians, and Anglicans competed for the souls of Staten Islanders. Anglicans solidified their religious control over the community in the 1760s after receiving some unintended help from dissenters associated with the Great Awakening, who threatened the social order. Anglicans used their religious dominance and economic wealth to secure political power. While Papas explains Anglicans' political success as the product of a deferential society, he stops short of exploring other possible explanations for why wealthy men ruled poorer ones in colonial New York.

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