| Book Review | The Journal of American History, 94.4

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| Book Review | The Journal of American History, 94.4 | The History Cooperative

Book Review

Rhetoric and the Republic: Politics, Civic Discourse, and Education in Early America. By Mark Garrett Longaker. (Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press, 2007. xxii, 266 pp. $39.95, ISBN 978-0-8173-1547-4.)
"We are all Republicans, we are all Federalists," proclaimed Thomas Jefferson in his first inaugural address. His pronouncement followed on the heels of one of the most contested and divisive political dramas in American electoral history, the election of 1800. Jefferson's objective was to reconcile party differences under a banner of republicanism that he believed lay in the heart of every citizen, was above partisan divides, and would weld the country's disparate parts and people into a united whole. Jefferson's appeal to republican unity rested on a scaffold of rhetorically constructed and widely shared beliefs regarding the good citizen, public life, and the good state.	1
In Rhetoric and the Republic, Mark Garrett Longaker contends that the Federalist versus Democratic-Republican divide was not as wide as often portrayed. Following the contours of analysis popularized by Antonio Gramsci, Longaker contends that the competition between the party of Alexander Hamilton and that of Jefferson was in essence a contest between competing modes of capitalism: agrarian capitalism favoring southern planters and northeastern merchants and an industrial capitalism privileging New England manufacturers. Jefferson and his Democratic-Republican allies, Longaker maintains, redefined key terms in the republican lexicon to suit the advancement of laissez-faire capitalism.	. . .

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