| Book Review | The Journal of American History, 93.3

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| Book Review | The Journal of American History, 93.3 | The History Cooperative

Book Review

The Gardiners of Massachusetts: Provincial Ambition and the British-American Career. By T. A. Milford. (Durham: University of New Hampshire Press, 2005. xiv, 306 pp. Cloth, $65.00, ISBN 1-58465-503-8. Paper, $26.00, ISBN 1-58465-504-6.)

The three Gardiners, grandfather, father, and son, considered in T. A. Milford's The Gardiners of Massachusetts, were members of a new provincial professional class, "the most learned and articulate of Americans ... familiar and comfortable with the progressive literature of political economy generated within the British Empire" (p. 5). These successful "merchants, lawyers, doctors, master craftsmen, and their literary sons and brothers became important molders of opinion and taste. Their rise was ... stymied somewhat by the new challenges facing the British state after the American Revolution" (p. 4). According to Milford, the Gardiners were among "the frustrated fortunate" who disseminated English liberalism, "the natural ideology of able and prosperous climbers" (p. 5). All three also shared a "memory of provincial aspiration and insecurity" that "rose to the demands of a republican polity" (p. 221).

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