| Previews | The Journal of American History, 93.2

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| Previews | The Journal of American History, 93.2 | The History Cooperative

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David Hochfelder explores the relationship between technological innovation, social change, and cultural expectations by showing how the stock ticker increased participation in the nation's financial markets. By 1880 the ticker broadcast real-time market information to thousands of locations. But high margins, large lot sizes, and broker commissions barred all but the wealthy from the markets. Bucket shops, where patrons gambled small sums on the price movements of stocks and commodities, were the only venue for people of limited means to participate, however vicariously, in financial markets. The ticker, by its intimate connection to bucket shops, helped make speculation a popular leisure activity and exposed troublesome moral and economic relationships between markets and gambling.
In post–World War II America, religion became a social marker almost as important as race. When the United States Census Bureau publicly considered putting a question on religion in the 1960 census, it sparked a nationwide debate dominated by organized Catholics and Jews who sought to solidify their position in a pluralistic America. Kevin M. Schultz argues that this confrontation shows Catholics' hope that their numbers would solidify their credentials as good Americans, American Jews' fear that the data would revive hostile stereotypes, and the Protestant majority's ambivalence. The decision to leave religious questions out of the census demonstrates the power of the organized Jewish community to affect American institutions through mobilization and alliances with others uneasy about public recognition of religion.
Our conversation, . . .

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