| Book Review | The Journal of American History, 93.2

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| Book Review | The Journal of American History, 93.2 | The History Cooperative

Book Review

The Great Confusion in Indian Affairs: Native Americans & Whites in the Progressive Era. By Tom Holm. (Austin: University of Texas Press, 2005. xx, 244 pp. Cloth, $50.00, ISBN 0-292-70688-X. Paper, $21.95, ISBN 0-292-70962-5.)
How did American Indian communities survive the federal government's attack on their lands, cultures, and resources during the early twentieth century, and what consequences did this have for federal policy? Those questions frame the readable and stimulating book The Great Confusion in Indian Affairs by Tom Holm (Cherokee).	1
Much of the ground traversed here has been covered before, but the stories have not been brought together in a single volume until now. What makes Holm's synthesis especially rewarding is the lens through which he analyzes the period. Following the late Cherokee anthropologist Robert K. Thomas, Holm described peoplehood as consisting of four components: language, place, ceremonies, and sacred history. Rather than treating indigenous communities as reactive, Holm argues that the persistence of Native American peoplehood forced policy makers to rethink the premises on which the ideology of the "vanishing Indian" rested.	. . .

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