| Book Review | The Journal of American History, 93.2

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| Book Review | The Journal of American History, 93.2 | The History Cooperative

Book Review

No More, No More: Slavery and Cultural Resistance in Havana and New Orleans. By Daniel E. Walker. (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2004. xiv, 188 pp. Cloth, $59.95, ISBN 0-8166-4326-1. Paper, $19.95, ISBN 0-8166-4327-X.)

In the early and mid-nineteenth century, both New Orleans and Havana allowed slaves to assemble at specified times to participate in autonomous festive activities. In New Orleans, as many as several thousand met each Sunday to dance and sing in a field behind the French Quarter that came to be called Congo Square. In Havana, January 6, El Día de Reyes (Epiphany), was a free day for slaves when they and free persons of color paraded through the streets in Carnival-like spectacles. Daniel E. Walker argues that these activities were "counterstatements" (p. 18) to forms of social control characteristic of urban slavery and, as such, were reality-based. He describes four dimensions of control—space, family, social images, and community—and the way they were contested in festival performances that enabled blacks to define their identity and affirm their humanity in a positive way.

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