| Book Review | The Journal of American History, 93.2

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| Book Review | The Journal of American History, 93.2 | The History Cooperative

Book Review

Slavery and African Ethnicities in the Americas: Restoring the Links. By Gwendolyn Midlo Hall. (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2005. xxii, 225 pp. $34.95, ISBN 0-8078-2973-0.)

In recent years, scholars (Michael A. Gomez, Exchanging Our Country Marks, 1998; John Thornton, Africa and Africans in the Making of the Atlantic World, 1400–1680, 1992) have effectively challenged the influential model of creolization developed by Sidney W. Mintz and Richard Price, which argued (among other things) that the Atlantic slave trade pulled and deposited slaves randomly, blocking the re-creation of specific African cultural identities in the Americas (The Birth of African-American Culture, 1976). Gwendolyn Midlo Hall argues that specific African ethnicities crossed the Atlantic and drove the process of creolization in the New World. "It is time to make the invisible Africans visible," Hall writes, and the first step in that process is to "restor[e] the links" between their lives in the New World and their African homelands (p. xvi). This powerful new book is the product of more than twenty years of archival research on several continents and in four languages. It synthesizes the best of the new work and, in a variety of ways, charts directions for future scholarship.

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