| Book Review | The Journal of American History, 93.1

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| Book Review | The Journal of American History, 93.1 | The History Cooperative

Book Review

The Qualities of a Citizen: Women, Immigration, and Citizenship, 1870–1965. By Martha Gardner. (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2005. viii, 271 pp. $35.00, ISBN 0-691-08993-0.)

Martha Gardner's analysis of the racial and gendered underpinnings of immigration and naturalization laws in the United States between 1870 and 1965 is an original and substantive contribution to immigration history. Based on a close reading of Immigration and Naturalization Services (INS) case files and court proceedings, Gardner argues that immigration law "has protected a racially exclusive image of the American family, promoted a racially and sexually segmented labor force, and tied women's role in the nation to their domestic responsibilities in the American home" (p. 3).

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