| Book Review | The Journal of American History, 93.1

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| Book Review | The Journal of American History, 93.1 | The History Cooperative

Book Review

Bleeding Blue and Gray: Civil War Surgery and the Evolution of American Medicine. By Ira M. Rutkow. (New York: Random House, 2005. xx, 394 pp. $27.95, ISBN 0-375-50315-3.)
All authors make choices about what to cover in their books and what to leave out. Ira M. Rutkow decided that other important studies of Civil War medicine, such as George Worthington Adams's Doctors in Blue (1952) and Alfred Jay Bollet's Civil War Medicine (2002), read too much like textbooks. Instead, Rutkow wanted to deal with cause-and-effect relationships in Civil War medicine. He chose to do so from a northern perspective because there are more surviving northern sources and because he believes that it was northern developments that most influenced medicine after the war.	1
Rutkow explains the primitive state of medicine in America when the Civil War began, and discusses Union medical unpreparedness at the time of First Bull Run (1861). He traces the rise of the Sanitary Commission, as well as the rise and fall of its candidate for surgeon general, William A. Hammond. Other attempts at medical reform, such as the establishment of an ambulance corps and pavilion hospitals in cities behind the lines, as well as the greater success of Hammond's plans under his successor Joseph K. Barnes, form the subject of several chapters.	. . .

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