| Book Review | The Journal of American History, 92.2

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| Book Review | The Journal of American History, 92.2 | The History Cooperative

Book Review

Keeping the Republic: Ideology and Early American Diplomacy. By Robert W. Smith. (DeKalb: Northern Illinois University Press, 2004. x, 196 pp. $38.50, ISBN 0-87580-326-1.)

Thirty years have passed since Robert E. Shalhope published his seminal article "Toward a Republican Synthesis: The Emergence of an Understanding of Republicanism in American Historiography" (William and Mary Quarterly, Jan. 1972). In Keeping the Republic, Robert W. Smith argues that scholars have demonstrated that republican ideology motivated the Founders' crafting of domestic policies but not the extent to which the concept also ordered their views of foreign affairs. Smith uses the writings of John Adams, Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and Thomas Jefferson to show how each sought to erect a diplomacy "compatible with republican institutions at home that recognized the realities of world politics" (p. 3) based upon three strains of republican ideology (classical, whig, and yeoman). In also documenting how each leader changed his ideology based upon circumstances, Smith notes but does not sufficiently consider how these men used republican ideology to justify actions—especially war—that fell outside of the strictures of specific republican theories.

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