| Book Review | The Journal of American History, 92.1

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| Book Review | The Journal of American History, 92.1 | The History Cooperative

Book Review

Community of the Cross: Moravian Piety in Colonial Bethlehemm. By Craig D. Atwood. (University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 2004. xii, 283 pp. $37.50, ISBN 0-271-02367-8.)
Craig D. Atwood's Community of the Cross fills a large hole in the growing scholarship on eighteenth-century Moravian Church communities. Recent historical studies focus on the fascinating socioeconomic structures in Moravian communities around the world. Because religion permeated every aspect of Moravian life, these studies could not avoid revealing some notion of Moravian spirituality. As Atwood demonstrates, however, no one can fully know the Moravians without understanding their religious beliefs. He puts religion at the core of his book, where it should be, by focusing on the innovative theology of Nikolaus Ludwig, Count von Zinzendorf (1700–1760), leader of the Moravian Church from the late 1720s until he died. There have been other studies of Zinzendorf's theology, but, with few exceptions, they have dismissed as aberrant some aspects he would have considered central.	1
Atwood first places Zinzendorf's blood and wounds mysticism in its transatlantic Protestant context, showing that it was too radical for Lutherans and too focused on elaborate ritual for other Pietists, thereby inviting the wrath of both. He then explores Zinzendorf's twofold emphasis on (1) redemption that is available to all humans (if they accept complete dependence on Christ), and (2) belief that is based on experience of the heart and not speculative reasoning about an impenetrable God.	. . .

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