| Book Review | The Journal of American History, 91.4

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| Book Review | The Journal of American History, 91.4 | The History Cooperative

Book Review

Never Surrender: Confederate Memory and Conservatism in the South Carolina Upcountry. By W. Scott Poole. (Athens: University of Georgia Press, 2004. xii, 263 pp. Cloth, $49.95, ISBN 0-8203-2507-4. Paper, $19.95, ISBN 0-8203-2508-2.)

W. Scott Poole argues that a defiant Confederate aesthetic emerged in the post–Civil War years as the vehicle for conservative values in the South Carolina upcountry. Linking culture and ideology, Poole asserts that a public aesthetic—"a set of timeless images that represented the beauty of social harmony" (p. 79) or "a dream of a world" (p. 3)—centered on the lost cause of the Confederacy enabled white upcountrymen to shape their society toward the Christian evangelical, racially hierarchical, antibourgeois, antimodern values of traditional southern conservatism. For Poole, this dreamworld ended with Ben Tillman's political ascendancy of the 1890s. Tillman's movement trumped both the antibourgeois beliefs of the Confederate aesthetic and the political power of the state's Bourbon elite. As a result, by the new century South Carolinians found themselves "in a world they never wanted" (p. 155), a world rife with bourgeois values and racial warfare.

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