| Book Review | The Journal of American History, 91.3

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| Book Review | The Journal of American History, 91.3 | The History Cooperative

Book Review

Galvanized Yankees on the Upper Missouri: The Face of Loyalty. By Michèle Tucker Butts. (Boulder: University Press of Colorado, 2003. xvi, 292 pp. $29.95, ISBN 0-87081-675-6.)

In the winter of 1863–1864, influenced by the indiscriminate Indian attacks on Americans on the Minnesota-Dakota-Iowa frontier and by a shortage of Union soldiers, President Abraham Lincoln and Secretary of War Edwin M. Stanton approved of the voluntary enlistment of Confederate deserters and prisoners of war into the United States service. In January 1864, the president authorized Union commander Benjamin Butler to enlist a regiment of Confederate prisoners of war, especially foreign-born prisoners, to aid the Union war effort. So successful was the undertaking that by the fall the president approved of the creation of five additional regiments of prisoners turned Union volunteers. During the war's last year, as American settlers fled the upper West seeking safety from Native American tribes, these galvanized regiments garrisoned America's northwestern frontier.

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