| Book Review | The Journal of American History, 90.3

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| Book Review | The Journal of American History, 90.3 | The History Cooperative

Book Review

Shenandoah Religion: Outsiders and the Mainstream, 1716–1865. By Stephen L. Longenecker. (Waco: Baylor University Press, 2002. xiv, 247 pp. Paper, $16.95, ISBN 0-918954-83-5.)
In Stephen L. Longenecker's Shenandoah Valley, outsiderness was a shifting concept. Focusing on four eras of great social, political, or economic upheaval between 1716 and 1865—the American, Methodist, market, and southern "revolutions"—Longenecker seeks to explain "why ... some outsiders drift back into the mainstream while others retain their non-conformity" (p. 4).	1
Though Virginia was officially Anglican, the Shenandoah Valley was part of Greater Pennsylvania, and its early settlers included significant numbers of outsiders: Lutherans, Quakers, Presbyterians, Dunkers, Mennonites, and Baptists. Between 1716 and 1865, however, many of these groups moved into the religious mainstream. The American Revolution brought Presbyterians in by removing the political restrictions that were central to their outsider status. The Methodist revolution made revivalists so popular that they, too, ceased to be outsiders. The market revolution made new material goods so available that many valley Protestants dropped their opposition to worldliness and entered the mainstream. Finally, the southern revolution reinforced this process as racial and sectional loyalties solidified the mainstream status of Presbyterians, Methodists, Lutherans, and Baptists.	. . .

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