| Web Site Review | The Journal of American History, 90.1

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| Web Site Review | The Journal of American History, 90.1 | The History Cooperative

Web Site Reviews

IPUMS <http://www.ipums.umn.edu/usa/index.html>. Maintained by the Minnesota Population Center, University of Minnesota. Reviewed Jan. 1, 2003.

Although the decennial census began in 1790, detailed information was first listed for each individual in 1850. One of the great archival projects of the past two decades has been to make huge samples from each of the 1850–2000 censuses machine-readable—including at least 1 percent of the American population enumerated in each year. The product of this immense effort is available free of charge through the magnificent Web site, IPUMS (Integrated Public Use Microdata Series; in Google, seek IPUMS and choose the first entry). Across all years, a given census question (for example, place of birth) is in the same place in the dataset, and each possible response to the question (for example, Germany) has the same numerical code. Special variables have been created on the basis of explicit assumptions, to make the data easier to use. For 1850–1870, each household member's relationship to the head was not ascertained by the census, but an IPUMS-constructed variable offers a reasonable guess based on age, sex, and order of enumeration.

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