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Book Review
Farm, Shop, Landing: The Rise of a Market Society in the Hudson Valley, 17801860. By Martin Bruegel. (Durham: Duke University Press, 2002. xiv, 305 pp. Cloth, $64.95, ISBN 0-8223-2835-6. Paper, $21.95, ISBN 0-8223-2849-6.)
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In Farm, Shop, Landing, Martin Bruegel examines the capitalist transformation of New York's Hudson River valley from 1780 to 1860 from the perspective of the men and women, both rich and poor, who participated in this momentous process. The key to this transition, Bruegel argues, was the internalization by residents of a "market principle" in every phase of human interactionlabor, religion, politics, economicsby the 1850s, a feat accomplished as the cumulative weight of state intervention in the economy, individual entrepreneurship, and contact with external markets overcame traditional ways of ordering life. |
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Bruegel begins by arguing that Greene and Columbia counties in 1780 were on the very margins of the international market economy. He bases this on several factors: first, New York's manor system still flourished at this time, standing as a feudal impediment to free market relations; second, producers engaged in barter or labor exchanges rather than cash transactions; third, local market prices did not correlate with commodity prices in New York City; and fourth, society was still organized around notions of honor, mutual support, and deference. |
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