| Book Review | The Journal of American History, 89.3

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| Book Review | The Journal of American History, 89.3 | The History Cooperative

Book Review

The "Unacceptables": American Foundations and Refugee Scholars between the Two Wars and After. Ed. by Giuliana Gemelli. (New York: Lang, 2000. 306 pp. Paper, $37.95, ISBN 90-5201-924-X.)

Before, during, and after World War II, the Rockefeller Foundation (RF) provided grants totaling more than $1.4 million to over three hundred displaced scholars, many of them Jewish, to enable them to relocate temporarily or permanently to the United States. The RF also gave fellowships to scholars who remained in Europe and funded equipment for European institutions. The "Unacceptables" explores the impact of RF grants on American and European intellectual cooperation. The book comes from a workshop that the Adriano Olivette Foundation held in Rome in November 1998. Each of the twelve essays explores a different aspect of refugee experience, but most deal with one or both of two central concerns of the editor: one, American and European cooperation in science policies and funding; the other, the role of émigré scholars in strengthening research in America and/or internationally. 1

The editor, Giuliana Gemelli, and many of the authors look at the politics of RF decisions. Some authors focus on the obstacles to immigration; others, on ways scholars adapted to the host countries. Many of the French scholars, for example, preferred to stay in New York City, where the New School for Social Research became headquarters for many refugee scholars. The RF provided funding to expand the New School's graduate faculty; some scholars found permanent positions there; others were temporary. The intention of RF officials was to move the scholars to other American universities, but some, for example, the French, resisted leaving, and the director of the school preferred to keep the foreign scholars there as permanent faculty. . . .

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