| Book Review | The Journal of American History, 89.3

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| Book Review | The Journal of American History, 89.3 | The History Cooperative

Book Review

Between War and Peace: Woodrow Wilson and the American Expeditionary Force in Siberia, 1918–1921. By Carol Willcox Melton. (Macon: Mercer University Press, 2001. xxxiv, 269 pp. $39.95, ISBN 0-86554-692-4.)

Between War and Peace is an examination of America's role in Siberia in the midst of World War I and the Russian revolution and civil war. Professor Carol Willcox Melton has provided a fascinating and graphic study of a military expedition that was one of the strangest in American history, yet one that provided a model for a policy still in use in the twenty-first century. The United States decision to enter the war came at a time when the three-hundred-year-old imperial government of Russia had collapsed. The Allies, terrified at the prospect of Russia's desertion from the war, sought to reestablish the eastern front against Germany by sending either American or Japanese forces or both. Woodrow Wilson and the War Department were absolutely opposed to the diversion of American forces from the western front. Yet in July 1918, after months of opposition, Wilson agreed to invite the Japanese to participate in sending a joint expedition to Siberia, not to reestablish the eastern front, but for the specific purpose of helping to rescue a legion of Czechoslovak soldiers. They had been fighting courageously alongside the Bolsheviks against the Germans and were now seeking to reach the western front to fight for their own freedom from Austria-Hungary. It was the allegedly desperate plight of the Czechs combined with Wilson's suspicions of Japanese intentions in eastern Siberia that ultimately led him to send an American military force. . . .

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