| Book Review | The Journal of American History, 89.2

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| Book Review | The Journal of American History, 89.2 | The History Cooperative

Book Review

Philadelphia's Enlightenment, 1740–1800: Kingdom of Christ, Empire of Reason. By Nina Reid-Maroney. (Westport: Greenwood, 2001. xvi, 199 pp. $62.50, ISBN 0-313-31472-1.)

The Great Awakening caused a schism between the Old Side (nonevangelical) and New Side (evangelical) churches and had a major impact on the American Enlightenment. Nina Reid-Maroney analyzes the "Philadelphia Circle," a dozen men who grew up in the vicinity, Old Side and New Side; the latter were more numerous and influential in the city and country but had to be more imaginative in reconciling the Kingdom of Christ with the Empire of Reason. 1

Francis Alison was the chief Old Side in the circle and came to dominate the supposedly nondenominational College of Philadelphia. He wanted to counter New Side education with a reputable curriculum and raise the scientific status of his community. While embracing "the new learning," he acknowledged the limits of reason. Alison needed to distinguish his views from those of the deists and infidels. God, he declared, was not a remote watchmaker, but a continuing causal agent. . . .

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