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September, 2001
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The Journal of American History

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Elections, Conflict, and Democracy
A Round Table

Elections, Conflict, and Democracy: An Introduction
Joanne Meyerowitz 407

Presidents, Congress, and Courts: Partisan Passions in Motion
Joyce Appleby 408

The Tribulations of an Old Democracy
Arnaldo Testi 415

Party Games: The Art of Stealing Elections in the Late-Nineteenth-Century United States
Mark Wahlgren Summers 424

Diluting the Vote: The Irony of Bush v. Gore
Mary Frances Berry 436

Stories, Games, and Deliberative Democracy
Daniel T. Rodgers 444

The 2000 Presidential Election, Postelection Contest: A Chronology 453


Articles

Conservatism, Nativism, and Slavery: Thomas R. Whitney and the Origins of the Know-Nothing Party
Bruce Levine 455

Culture, Power, and Mission to Moscow: Film and Soviet-American Relations during World War II
Todd Bennett 489


Special Essays

Merchants of Health: Medicine and Consumer Culture in the United States, 1900–1940
Nancy Tomes 519

The Road to Xanadu: Public and Private Pathways on the History Web
Roy Rosenzweig 548


Oral History

Introduction
Michael Gordon and Lu Ann Jones 580

Speaking in the Groove: Oral History and Jazz
Burton W. Peretti 582

Potential, Potential, Potential: The Marriage of Oral History and the World Wide Web
Mary A. Larson 596

Oral History and Jewish Life
Ava F. Kahn 604

Interviewing Radical Elders
Sandy Polishuk 608


Book Reviews

Tocqueville, ed. and trans. by Mansfield and Winthrop, Democracy in America, by Seymour Drescher 612

Bellesiles, Arming America: The Origins of a National Gun Culture, by Roger Lane 614

Ollila, ed., Historical Perspectives on Memory, by Maria Bucur 615

Bay, The White Image in the Black Mind: African-American Ideas about White People, 1830–1925, by Wilson J. Moses 617

Chambers, Anderson, Eden, Glatthaar, Spector, and Piehler, eds., The Oxford Companion to American Military History, by Brian Holden Reid 617

Rabasa, Writing Violence on the Northern Frontier: The Historiography of Sixteenth-Century New Mexico and Florida and the Legacy of Conquest, by Dedra S. McDonald 618

Moogk, La Nouvelle France: The Making of French Canada—a Cultural History, by Dean Louder 619

James, ed. by Skemp and Daniels, The Colonial Metamorphoses in Rhode Island: A Study of Institutions in Change, by Thomas W. Jodziewicz 620

Clayton, Islands of Truth: The Imperial Fashioning of Vancouver Island, by Michael Harkin 621

Seeman, Pious Persuasions: Laity and Clergy in Eighteenth-Century New England, by Elizabeth Reis 622

Westerkamp, Women and Religion in Early America, 1600–1850: The Puritan and Evangelical Traditions, by Joan R. Gundersen 623

Merrell, Into the American Woods: Negotiators on the Pennsylvania Frontier, by Daniel K. Richter 624

Royster, The Fabulous History of the Dismal Swamp Company: A Story of George Washington's Times, by Peter S. Onuf 624

Cashin, William Bartram and the American Revolution on the Southern Frontier, by James H. O'Donnell III 625

Fischer and Kelly, Bound Away: Virginia and the Westward Movement, by John Mack Faragher 626

Massey, John Laurens and the American Revolution, by Clyde R. Ferguson 627

Resch, Suffering Soldiers: Revolutionary War Veterans, Moral Sentiment, and Political Culture in the Early Republic, by Richard Buel Jr. 628

Ferling, Setting the World Ablaze: Washington, Adams, Jefferson, and the American Revolution, by Norman K. Risjord 628

Onuf, Jefferson's Empire: The Language of American Nationhood, by Emory G. Evans 629

Fleming, Duel: Alexander Hamilton, Aaron Burr, and the Future of America; Walling, Republican Empire: Alexander Hamilton on War and Free Government; and Gilreath, ed., Thomas Jefferson and the Education of a Citizen, by Jeffrey L. Pasley 630

Schmidt, Hearing Things: Religion, Illusion, and the American Enlightenment, by Stephen J. Stein 633

Sugden, Blue Jacket: Warrior of the Shawnees, by Stephen Warren 634

Hoxie, Hoffman, and Albert, eds., Native Americans and the Early Republic, by Alfred A. Cave 634

Bergland, The National Uncanny: Indian Ghosts and American Subjects, by Jacquelyn Kilpatrick 635

Smith, The Wichita Indians: Traders of Texas and the Southern Plains, 1540–1845, by Willard Hughes Rollings 636

Levine, Our Prayers Are in This Place: Pecos Pueblo Identity over the Centuries, by Peter Iverson 637

Gustafson, Eloquence Is Power: Oratory and Performance in Early America, by Philip F. Gura 638

Warren, Culture of Eloquence: Oratory and Reform in Antebellum America, by Sandra Gustafson 638

Merish, Sentimental Materialism: Gender, Commodity Culture, and Nineteenth-Century American Literature, by Nina Baym 639

Hallock, The American Byron: Homosexuality and the Fall of Fitz-Greene Halleck, by John Ibson 640

Stephens, Science, Race, and Religion in the American South: John Bachman and the Charleston Circle of Naturalists, 1815–1895, by Margaret Humphreys 641

Pearson, ed., Designs against Charleston: The Trial Record of the Denmark Vesey Slave Conspiracy of 1822, by Lorri Glover 642

Dixon, African America and Haiti: Emigration and Black Nationalism in the Nineteenth Century, by Alfred Hunt 643

Johnson, Soul by Soul: Life inside the Antebellum Slave Market, by Dylan Penningroth 644

Altschuler and Blumin, Rude Republic: Americans and Their Politics in the Nineteenth Century, by Philip J. Ethington 644

Gallman, Receiving Erin's Children: Philadelphia, Liverpool, and the Irish Famine Migration, 1845–1855, by Howard P. Chudacoff 645

Temin, ed., Engines of Enterprise: An Economic History of New England, by B. Zorina Khan 646

Majewski, A House Dividing: Economic Development in Pennsylvania and Virginia before the Civil War, by Mary A. DeCredico 647

Benner and Davis, eds., The Law Practice of Abraham Lincoln: The Complete Documentary Edition (DVD), by Phillip Shaw Paludan 648

Anastaplo, Abraham Lincoln: A Constitutional Biography, by Michael Vorenberg 649

Guelzo, Abraham Lincoln: Redeemer President, by Robert Cook 650

Weigley, A Great Civil War: A Military and Political History, 1861–1865, by Gary W. Gallagher 651

Inscoe and McKinney, The Heart of Confederate Appalachia: Western North Carolina in the Civil War, by Richard B. McCaslin 652

Phillips, Missouri's Confederate: Claiborne Fox Jackson and the Creation of Southern Identity in the Border West, by Eugene H. Berwanger 653

Ochs, A Black Patriot and a White Priest: André Cailloux and Claude Paschal Maistre in Civil War New Orleans, by James M. Woods 653

Edwards, Scarlett Doesn't Live Here Anymore: Southern Women in the Civil War Era, by Jane Dailey 654

Vandal, Rethinking Southern Violence: Homicides in Post–Civil War Louisiana, 1866–1884, by Christopher Waldrep 655

Dobak, Fort Riley and Its Neighbors: Military Money and Economic Growth, 1853–1895, by Robert Wooster 656

Ambrose, Nothing like It in the World: The Men Who Built the Transcontinental Railroad, 1863–1869, by Walter Nugent 657

Moten, The Delafield Commission and the American Military Profession; and Brereton, Educating the U.S. Army: Arthur L. Wagner and Reform, 1875–1905, by Oliviero Bergamini 657

Barnett, Ungentlemanly Acts: The Army's Notorious Incest Trial, by Peter W. Bardaglio 659

Isenberg, The Destruction of the Bison: An Environmental History, 1750–1920, by Mark Spence 660

Simmons, The Ute Indians of Utah, Colorado, and New Mexico, by Richard O. Clemmer 661

Holmes, The Young John Muir: An Environmental Biography, by Ian Tyrrell 661

Lowenthal, George Perkins Marsh: Prophet of Conservation, by Lawrence Buell 662

Dunlap, Nature and the English Diaspora: Environment and History in the United States, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand, by Colin A. M. Duncan 663

Goldman, Beyond the Synagogue Gallery: Finding a Place for Women in American Judaism, by Gerald Sorin 664

Gura and Bollman, America's Instrument: The Banjo in the Nineteenth Century, by W. T. Lhamon Jr. 665

Ward, Dark Midnight When I Rise: The Story of the Jubilee Singers Who Introduced the World to the Music of Black America, by Celia M. Azevedo 666

Little, Disciples of Liberty: The African Methodist Episcopal Church in the Age of Imperialism, 1884–1916, by Mitch Kachun 667

Smith, Black Judas: William Hannibal Thomas and The American Negro, by Vernon J. Williams Jr. 667

Gitelman, Scripts, Grooves, and Writing Machines: Representing Technology in the Edison Era, by Andre Millard 668

Tomko, Dancing Class: Gender, Ethnicity, and Social Divides in American Dance, 1890–1920, by Alison M. Parker 669

Smith, American Archives: Gender, Race, and Class in Visual Culture, by Joshua Brown 670

West, Kodak and the Lens of Nostalgia, by Shelley Armitage 671

Nelles, The Art of Nation-Building: Pageantry and Spectacle at Quebec's Tercentenary, by J.André Senécal 672

Cahan and Rudd, Science at the American Frontier: A Biography of DeWitt Bristol Brace, by George E. Webb 672

Wermiel, The Fireproof Building: Technology and Public Safety in the Nineteenth-Century American City, by Ross Miller 673

Thuesen, In Discordance with the Scriptures: American Protestant Battles over Translating the Bible, by Timothy Weber 674

Morrow and Myers-Phinney, Shepherd of the Hills Country: Tourism Transforms the Ozarks, 1880s–1930s, by Margaret Lynn Brown 675

Brown, The Wild East: A Biography of the Great Smoky Mountains; and Pierce, The Great Smokies: From Natural Habitat to National Park, by Marguerite S. Shaffer 676

Magoc, Yellowstone: The Creation and Selling of an American Landscape, 1870–1903, by Paul Sutter 677

Keller and Turek, American Indians & National Parks, by Donald L. Fixico 678

Kan, Memory Eternal: Tlingit Culture and Russian Orthodox Christianity through Two Centuries, by Ken Coates 679

Shurts, Indian Reserved Water Rights: The Winters Doctrine in Its Social and Legal Context, 1880s–1930s, by Sidney L. Harring 680

Unger, Fighting Bob La Follette: The Righteous Reformer, by Herbert F. Margulies 681

Ansell, Oil Baron of the Southwest: Edward L. Doheny and the Development of the Petroleum Industry in California and Mexico, by Joseph A. Pratt 681

Gordon, The Great Arizona Orphan Abduction, by Elliott West 682

Anderson and Moss, Dangerous Donations: Northern Philanthropy and Southern Black Education, 1902–1930, by V. P. Franklin 683

Rossini, Il mito americano nell'Italia della Grande Guerra (The American myth in World War I Italy), by Alessandro Brogi 684

Hirama, Dai ichiji sekai taisen to Nihon kaigun—gaiko to gunji to no rensetsu (World War I and the Imperial Japanese Navy—The diplomacy in concert with the military actions), by Frederick R. Dickinson 685

Anderson, Pancho Villa's Revolution by Headlines, by Richard Melzer 686

Feldman, Politics, Society, and the Klan in Alabama, 1915–1949, by Charles C. Alexander 687

Conkin, When All the Gods Trembled: Darwin, Scopes, and American Intellectuals, by Cynthia Russett 688

McCrossen, Holy Day, Holiday: The American Sunday, by Paul Gutjahr 688

Pleck, Celebrating the Family: Ethnicity, Consumer Culture, and Family Rituals, by Ellen M. Litwicki 689

Prince, with Simpson, Long Green: The Rise and Fall of Tobacco in South Carolina, by Rebecca Sharpless 690

Harris, Bloodless Victories: The Rise and Fall of the Open Shop in the Philadelphia Metal Trades, 1890–1940, by Sanford M. Jacoby 691

Blaszczyk, Imagining Consumers: Design and Innovation from Wedgwood to Corning, by Lawrence B. Glickman 692

Davis, Living Up to the Ads: Gender Fictions of the 1920s, by Elizabeth Francis 693

Tedeschini Lalli and Vaudagna, eds., Brave New Words: Strategies of Language and Communication in the United States of the 1930s, by Kenneth J. Bindas 693

Friedman, Prurient Interests: Gender, Democracy, and Obscenity in New York City, 1909–1945, by Leigh Ann Wheeler 694

Davis, Company Men: White-Collar Life and Corporate Cultures in Los Angeles, 1892–1941, by Carole Srole 695

Kline, Consumers in the Country: Technology and Social Change in Rural America, by Melissa Walker 696

Walker, All We Knew Was to Farm: Rural Women in the Upcountry South, 1919–1941, by Valerie Grim 697

Berry, Southern Migrants, Northern Exiles, by Jeanette Keith 698

Green, ed., Before the New Deal: Social Welfare in the South, 1830–1930, by Landon Storrs 699

Eisner, From Warfare State to Welfare State: World War I, Compensatory State Building, and the Limits of the Modern Order; and Reagan, Designing a New America: The Origins of New Deal Planning, 1890–1943, by Neil A. Wynn 699

Bix, Inventing Ourselves Out of Jobs? America's Debate over Technological Unemployment, 1929–1981, by Gary Cross 701

Peters, Judging Jehovah's Witnesses: Religious Persecution and the Dawn of the Rights Revolution, by Charles R. Epp 702

Wolfe, Barger, and Benison, Walter B. Cannon: Science and Society, by James H. Cassedy 703

Angus and Mirel, The Failed Promise of the American High School, 1890–1995, by Alexander Urbiel 704

Lagemann, An Elusive Science: The Troubling History of Education Research, by Sol Cohen 705

Douglass, The California Idea and American Higher Education: 1850 to the 1960 Master Plan, by John R. Thelin 705

Luconi, La "Diplomazia parallela": Il regime fascista e la mobilitazione politica degli Italo-Americani ("Parallel diplomacy": The Fascist regime and the political mobilization of Italian Americans), by Fraser Ottanelli 706

McJimsey, The Presidency of Franklin Delano Roosevelt, by Richard S. Kirkendall 707

Murray and Millett, A War to Be Won: Fighting the Second World War, by Matthew Jones 708

Kryder, Divided Arsenal: Race and the American State during World War II, by Bruce Nelson 709

Kaminski, Prisoners in Paradise: American Women in the Wartime South Pacific, by Judy Barrett Litoff 710

Billinger, Hitler's Soldiers in the Sunshine State: German POWS in Florida; and Fox, America's Invisible Gulag: A Biography of German American Internment & Exclusion in World War II—Memory and History, by Ron Robin 711

Tucker, Swing Shift: "All-Girl" Bands of the 1940s, by June Sochen 712

Marnham, Dreaming with His Eyes Open: A Life of Diego Rivera, by Silvia Nuñez-Garcia 713

Kleinman, A World of Hope, a World of Fear: Henry A. Wallace, Reinhold Niebuhr, and American Liberalism, by Bruce Kuklick 714

McCarraher, Christian Critics: Religion and the Impasse in Modern American Social Thought, by Robert Booth Fowler 714

Mehlman, Émigré New York: French Intellectuals in Wartime Manhattan, 1940–1944, by Alexander Bloom 715

Mariano, Lo Storica nel suo labirinto: Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr. tra ricerca storica, impegno civile, e politica (The historian in his labyrinth: Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr. between historical research, civil appointment, and politics), by Olaf Hansen 716

Schnoor, ed., Amerikanistik in der DDR: Geschichte—Analysen—Zeitzeugenberichte (American studies in the GDR: History—analyses—eyewitness reports); and Strunz, American Studies oder Amerikanistik?: Die deutsche Amerikawissenschaft und die Hoffnung auf Erneuerung der Hochschulen und der politischen Kultur nach 1945 (American studies or Amerikanistik?: German American studies scholarship and the hope for renewal of secondary education and political culture after 1945), by Walter D. Kamphoefner 717

Kroes, ed., Predecessors: Intellectual Lineages in American Studies, by Manuel Martinez 719

Forsberg, America and the Japanese Miracle: The Cold War Context of Japan's Postwar Economic Revival, 1950–1960, by Tyler Priest 720

Takeyh, The Origins of the Eisenhower Doctrine: The US, Britain, and Nasser's Egypt, 1953–57, by Magnus Persson 720

Ali, Cold War in the High Himalayas: The USA, China, and South Asia in the 1950s, by Steven I. Levine 721

Peceny, Democracy at the Point of Bayonets, by Eric Paul Roorda 722

McEnaney, Civil Defense Begins at Home: Militarization Meets Everyday Life in the Fifties, by D'Ann Campbell 723

Fried, The Russians Are Coming! The Russians Are Coming!: Pageantry and Patriotism in Cold-War America, by Geoffrey S. Smith 724

Fernlund, ed., The Cold War American West, 1945–1989; and Hevly and Findlay, eds., The Atomic West, by Philip Brick 725

Layton, International Politics and Civil Rights Policies in the United States, 1941–1960, by Renee Romano 726

Meyer, As Long as They Don't Move Next Door: Segregation and Racial Conflict in American Neighborhoods, by John F. Bauman 727

Wilson, Hamilton Park: A Planned Black Community in Dallas, by Raymond A. Mohl 728

Fine, "Expanding the Frontiers of Civil Rights": Michigan, 1948–1968, by Timothy N. Thurber 729

Carlson, The New Agrarian Mind: The Movement toward Decentralist Thought in Twentieth-Century America, by Mark G. Malvasi 730

Ford, The Girls: Jewish Women of Brownsville, Brooklyn, 1940–1995, by Miriam Cohen 730

Diamond, And I Will Dwell in Their Midst: Orthodox Jews in Suburbia, by Frederic Cople Jaher 731

Douglas, Listening In: Radio and the American Imagination, from Amos 'n' Andy and Edward R. Murrow to Wolfman Jack and Howard Stern, by Lewis A. Erenberg 732

Pyron, Liberace: An American Boy, by Erika Doss 733

Ludmerer, Time to Heal: American Medical Education from the Turn of the Century to the Era of Managed Care, by Ronald L. Numbers 734

Filene, In the Arms of Others: A Cultural History of the Right-to-Die in America, by Thomas R. Cole 735

Dewey, Don't Breathe the Air: Air Pollution and U.S. Environmental Politics, 1945–1970, by Stan Luger 736

McGucken, Lake Erie Rehabilitated: Controlling Cultural Eutrophication, 1960s–1990s, by Ken Cruikshank 737

Willoughby, Flowing through Time: A History of the Lower Chattahoochee River, by Jeffrey K. Stine 737

Levering and Levering, Citizen Action for Global Change: The Neptune Group and Law of the Sea, by Kurk Dorsey 738

Maltz, The Chief Justiceship of Warren Burger, 1969–1986, by Howard Ball 739

Stoevesandt, Aktivismus und Zurückhaltung im United States Supreme Court (Activism and restraint in the United States Supreme Court), by Markus Dirk Dubber 740

Vecsey, Where the Two Roads Meet, by Jack M. Schultz 741

West, The Enduring Seminoles: From Alligator Wrestling to Ecotourism, by Helen M. Bannan 741

Thomas, Skull Wars: Kennewick Man, Archaeology, and the Battle for Native American Identity, by Alexandra Harmon 742

Shoemaker, American Indian Population Recovery in the Twentieth Century, by C. Matthew Snipp 743

Rodríguez, Changing Race: Latinos, the Census, and the History of Ethnicity in the United States, by Emilio A. Parrado 744

Troy, Mr. and Mrs. President: From the Trumans to the Clintons, by Susan M. Hartmann 745

Fitzgerald, Way Out There in the Blue: Reagan, Star Wars, and the End of the Cold War, by Michael Schaller 746

Toplin, ed., Oliver Stone's USA: Film, History, and Controversy, by Paul Buhle 747


Web Site Reviews

Exploring Amistad at Mystic Seaport, by John David Smith 749

The Oregon Trail, by John Mack Faragher 750

Ad*Access, by Kelly Schrum 751

American Life Histories: Manuscripts from the Federal Writers' Project, 1936–1940, by Thomas Thurston 752

Famous Trials, by Jerry Goldman 752

The Oyez Project: U.S. Supreme Court Multimedia Database, by Melvin I. Urofsky 753


Editor's Annual Report, 2000–2001 755

Letters to the Editor 759

Announcements 762

Recent Scholarship 763
  African Americans
  Agricultural and Rural History
  Archives and Bibliography
  Business and Economics
  Civil War and Reconstruction
  Colonial and Revolutionary Period
  Early National Period
  Education
  Environment
  Family
  Film
  Gay and Lesbian History
  Gender and Sexuality
  Immigration, Ethnicity, and Internal Migration
  Indians
  Intellectual History
  International Relations
  Labor and Working-Class History
  Legal and Constitutional History
  Mass Communications
  Material Culture and Architecture
  Men and Masculinity
  Military History
  Music
  Politics
  Public History and Memory
  Race
  Religion
  Science and Medicine
  Social and Cultural History
  Social Welfare and Public Health
  Sports and Recreation
  Teaching, Surveys, and Textbooks
  Technology, Industry, and Transportation
  Theory and Methodology
  Urban and Suburban History
  Visual and Performing Arts
  Women and Femininity
  East
  Midwest
  South
  West



On the cover:This 1848 membership certificate of the Order of United Americans (OUA), a major nativist fraternal organization and antecedent of the Know-Nothing party, designed and lithographed by Charles Parsons, depicts Liberty atop a pedestal and surrounded by men wearing OUA sashes. The clothing beneath the sashes signals the wearers' diverse occupations and social positions, and the image of fellowship thus celebrates the OUA's ideal of pan-class national harmony. Courtesy Library of Congress, #LC-USZ62-090659. See Bruce Levine, "Conservatism, Nativism, and Slavery: Thomas R. Whitney and the Origins of the Know-Nothing Party," p. 455.


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