| Biblioscope: An Archival Guide & Bibliography | Environmental History, 8.4

Biblioscope

An Archival Guide & Bibliography

Articles

Adair, Mary J. "Great Plains Paleoethnobotany." In People and Plants in Ancient Eastern North America, edited by Paul E. Minnis. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Books, 2003. 258-346 pp. Studies archaeological and paleoethnobotanical evidence of plants indigenous to Great Plains in the United States and Canada during the prehistoric era.

Allen, Cain. "Replacing Salmon: Columbia River Indian Fishing Rights and the Geography of Fisheries Mitigation." Oregon Historical Quarterly 104 (Summer 2003): 196-227. Analyzes the effectiveness of the Columbia River Development Fisheries Program (CRFDP) in replenishing the supply of salmon in the Columbia River Basin of Oregon. Aslo examines the fishing rights of Native Americans living in the region during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries and the influence early treaties between the American government and Native American tribes of the Pacific Northwest may have had on the salmon population.

Amundson, Michael A. "Yellowcake to Singletrack: Culture, Community, and Identity in Moab, Utah." In Imagining the Big Open: Nature, Identity, and Play in the New West, edited by Liza Nicholas, Elaine M. Bapis, and Thomas J. Harvey. Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press, 2003. 151-162 pp. Traces changes in this community's economic base in the late twentieth century. Discusses Moab's evolution from being a productive uranium mining town in the 1950s, to being a destination for tourists interested in visiting the region's national parks beginning in the 1960s and 1970s, to being a mecca for mountain bikers in the 1990s.

Anfinson, John O. "Spiritual Power to Industrial Might: 12,000 Years at St. Anthony Falls." Minnesota History 58 (Spring/Summer 2003): 252-269. Documents the history of St. Anthony Falls (Minnesota) from prehistoric times through the twentieth century. Includes several documentary photos of the falls and the surrounding areas during this period and discusses how saw and flour mills, in addition to timber companies, gradually appeared in midwestern towns and cities along the Mississippi River. Also mentions how St. Anthony Falls was used for hydroelectric power and provides descriptions of the falls by Belgian explorer Louis Hennepin (1626-1705).

Arnold, Jean. "'From So Simple a Beginning': Evolutionary Origins of US Nature Writing." ISLE 10.1 (Winter 2003): 11-26. Author argues that Charles Darwin's (1809-1882) book, Origin of Species (New York: Oxford University Press, 1996) is as much an example of nature writing as it scientific writing. Article discusses three examples of American nature writings that resemble Darwin's perceptions of nature: Aldo Leopold's (1886-1948) A Sand Country Almanac (New York: Oxford University Press, 1949); Barry Lopez's (1945- ) Arctic Dreams (New York: Scribner, 1986); and David Quammen's (1948- ) The Song of the Dodo (New York: Scribner, 1996).

Baird, Iris. "Black Mountain Lookout Tower: Benton, NH." Lookout Network: The Newsletter of the Forest Fire Lookout Association, Inc. 14 (Winter 2003): 12-13. Brief history of the Black Mountain lookout tower in Benton, New Hampshire; twentieth century.

Barber, Alicia. "Reno's Silver Legacy: Gambling on the Past in the Urban New West." In Imagining the Big Open: Nature, Identity, and Play in the New West, edited by Liza Nicholas, Elaine M. Bapis, and Thomas J. Harvey. Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press, 2003. 163-180 pp. States that the developers of the Silver Legacy Hotel Casino, which opened in 1995 in Reno, Nevada, used in their designs themes of an urbanized Old West that paid homage to the region's nineteenth-century mining history. At the same time, they sought to promote a politically correct sense of place that would appeal to recreational tourists of the late twentieth century with diverse backgrounds and personal beliefs about the lasting legacy of mining.

Barnhart, Terry A. "'A Common Feeling': Regional Identity and Historical Consciousness in the Old Northwest, 1820-1860." Michigan Historical Review 29 (Spring 2003): 39-70. Uses the Northwest Territory (Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, Wisconsin) between 1820 and 1860 as case study to demonstrate the impetus behind the development of regional identities in the United States. Describes how leading citizens of the region created state historical societies to preserve the history and uniqueness of the region during the nineteenth century.

Batory, Dana Martin. "In Search of the Band Ship Saw, Or the Tilting Bandsaw." Chronicle of the Early American Industries Association 56 (June 2003): 45-55. Discusses the use of as well as the different designs of and companies that manufactured band ship saws, also known as angling band saws, in the United States from the 1870s to the 1960s.

Baumler, Ellen. "Lewis and Clark National Historic Landmarks in Montana." Montana the Magazine of Western History 53 (Summer 2003): 67-69. Discusses the historic exploratory expedition led by Meriwether Lewis (1774-1809) and William Clark (1770-1938) from 1804 to 1806 and the seven national historic landmarks established in the twentieth century to commemorate the exploration: Camp Disappointment, Great Falls Portage, Lemhi Pass, Lolo Trail, Pompeys Pillar, Three Forks of the Missouri, and Traveler's Rest.

Beaudreau, Sylvie. "The Changing Face of Canada: Images of Canada in National Geographic."American Review of Canadian Studies 32 (Winter 2002): 517-546. Comparison of National Geographic articles focusing on Canada during the 1960s with those published in the 1990s. Author argues that prolific photographs found in National Geographic magazine articles help shape the image Americans have of Canada and Canadian people.

Behrisch, Tanya, Roger Hayter, and Trevor Barnes. "'I Don't Really Like the Mill; In Fact, I Hate the Mill': Changing Youth Vocationalism Under Fordism and Post-Fordism in Powell River, British Columbia." BC Studies No. 136 (Winter 2002/2003): 73-101. Uses the forest-based community of Powell River, British Columbia, as a case study to explore how employment outlooks for high school seniors enrolled at Max Cameron High School (Powell River, British Columbia) in the pulp and paper mills has changed due to a shift from Fordism (specialized mass-production) to post-Fordism (flexible production) during the late twentieth century.

Bellemare, Jesse, Glenn Motzkin, and David R. Foster. "Legacies of the Agricultural Past in the Forested Present: An Assessment of Historical Land-Use Effects on Rich Mesic Forests." Compiled by David R. Foster and assisted by Glenn Motzkin and David Orwig. Journal of Biogeography 29 (October/ November 2002): 1401-1420. Special Issue: "Insights From Historical Geography to Ecology and Conservation: Lessons From the New England Landscape." Investigation of the long-term effects of human impact on the landscape in Massachusetts from the late eighteenth century through the twentieth century. Emphasis on agricultural land use and the structure and distribution of Rich Mesic Forests in Massachusetts.

Bergen, Kathleen M., et al. "NASA and Russian Scientists Observe Land-Cover and Land-Use Change and Carbon in Russian Forests." Journal of Forestry 101 (June 2003): 34-41. Examines partnership between National Aeronautics and Space Administration's (NASA's) Land-Cover Land-Use Change Program (LCLUC) and Russian scientists for the purpose of studying land-cover and land-use change in Russian forests. Article looks at how carbon release from forest fires has sparked changes in Russian forests and also analyzes the role technological developments such as remote sensing have played in assessing the changes; twentieth century.

Berlik, Mary M., David B. Kittredge, and David R. Foster. "The Illusion of Preservation: A Global Environmental Argument for the Local Production of Natural Resources." Compiled by David R. Foster and assisted by Glenn Motzkin and David Orwig. Journal of Biogeography 29 (October/November 2002): 1557-1568. Special Issue: "Insights From Historical Geography to Ecology and Conservation: Lessons From the New England Landscape." The authors argue that despite a twentieth-century movement in the United States to conserve domestic natural resources such as wood, Americans continue to use large quantities of these products and therefore contribute to increased global consumption. Focuses on Massachusetts because of its dense population and many forests.

Berry, Gregory R. "Organizing Against Multinational Corporate Power in Cancer Alley: The Activist Community as Primary Stakeholder." Organization & Environment 16 (March 2003): 3-33. Examines how grassroots activism can affect the behavior of corporations. Specifically analyzes the successful efforts of residents from Convent, Louisiana, in challenging the environmental practices of the Louisiana-based multinational corporation, Shintech, Inc., during the 1990s.

Boncina, Andrej, Franc Gaspersic, and Jurij Diaci. "Long-Term Changes in Tree Species Composition in the Dinaric Mountain Forests of Slovenia." Forestry Chronicle 79 (March/April 2003): 227-232. Presents results of long-term analysis of two prevalent tree species in Slovenia — silver fir and European beech. Authors contend that forest planning based on detailed research studies can help obtain effective ecosystem management; nineteenth and twentieth centuries.

Bopp, Carl. "Made in PHILADA: No. 2." Chronicle of the Early American Industries Association 56 (June 2003): 68-69. Discusses early woodworking tool manufacturers working out of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, in the late eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Focuses especially on planemaker Thomas Napier, who immigrated to Philadelphia from Edinburgh, Scotland, in 1774, and on the tool company of Booth & Mills, makers of braces, bits, screwdrivers, and other such tools.

Bouchier, Nancy B., and Ken Cruikshank. "The War on the Squatters, 1920-1940: Hamilton's Boathouse Community and the Re-Creation of Recreation on Burlington Bay." Labour/Le Travail 51 (Spring 2003): 9-46. In-depth exploration of the transformation of Hamilton (Ontario) from a small town into an urban area. Focuses on Hamilton during the Great Depression, the rise of recreational activities on Burlington Bay (Canada), and includes a detailed discussion of land rights disputes involving squatters living in area boathouses. Other topics discussed are population growth, urban planning, recreation, and urban landscapes.

Bowers, Jake. "Seeds of Hope." Ecologist 33 (May 2003): 46-49. The author argues that twentieth-century government regulation of hemp in the United States and Great Britain resulted from a deliberate campaign during the 1930s by American industrial manufacturers to demonize the plant so it would not undercut profits reaped from the sale of nylon, plastic, and paper. Also includes information on the many modern uses of hemp.

Braun, Bruce. "'On the Raggedy Edge of Risk': Articulations of Race and Nature After Biology." In Race, Nature, and the Politics of Difference, edited by Donald S. Moore, Jake Kosek, and Anand Pandian. Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press, 2003. 175-203 pp. Argues that the contemporary outdoor recreation adventure sport industry in the United States caters to the white middle-and upper-classes, promoting outdated ideas about physical limitations based on ethnicity, the veracity of which biologists have denied for over a decade.

Brown, Brenda J. "Cultured Pearl." Landscape Architecture 93 (May 2003): 72-75, 104-109. Examines Robert Smithson's (1938-1973) earthwork art, Spiral Jetty, located near the Salt Lake (Utah). Article includes several photos of the landscape structure.

Bryant, Bunyan. "History and Issues of the Environmental Justice Movement." In Our Backyard: A Quest for Environmental Justice, edited by Gerald R. Visgilio and Diana M. Whitelaw. Lanham, Md.: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc., 2003. 3-23 pp. Traces the roots of the late-twentieth century U.S. environmental justice movement back to the environmental movement of the 1960s.

Buhle, Paul. "Hieronymus Bosch (aka Jeroen van Aken) Eco-Revolutionary." Capitalism, Nature, Socialism 13 (December 2002): 151-154. Brief biography of the Renaissance painter from Belgium, Hieronymus Bosch (1450-1516). The author argues that an examination of Bosch's paintings reveals ecological and environmental concerns about problems such as pollution and deforestation.

Burkett, Paul. "The Value Problem in Ecological Economics: Lessons from the Physiocrats and Marx." Organization & Environment 16 (June 2003): 137-167. Examines Karl Marx's (1818-1883) critique of eighteenth-century French Enlightenment philosophers, Physiocrats. Author contends Marx's analysis of the philosophers contains an ecological indictment of capitalism; eighteenth and nineteenth centuries.

Burr, Christina. "Some Adventures of the Boys: Enniskillen Township's 'Foreign Drillers,' Imperialism, and Colonial Discourse, 1873-1923." Labour/Le Travail 51 (Spring 2003): 47-80. Detailed description of oil drilling that took place in British colonies such as India during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. The author uses travel writings of oil drillers from Enniskillen township (Ontario) to provide insight on the oil industry and the lives of those employed abroad during the period.

Carter, Ray, and Holland Payne. "The Story of NACCCA's Founding." NACCCA Journal 26 (April 2003): 1, 8. Article was originally published in the July 1966 issue of the Fort Sutter News, the newsletter of National Association of Civilian Conservation Corps Alumni (NACCCA). In addition to providing details about the founding of the organization, the article also includes information about the first NACCCA meeting in 1977.

Clark, Brett. "Ebenezer Howard and the Marriage of Town and Country: An Introduction to Howard's Garden Cities of To-morrow (Selections)." Organization & Environment 16 (March 2003): 87-107. Describes the motivation behind Ebenezer Howard's (1850-1928) 1946 book, Garden Cities of To-Morrow (London: Faber and Faber). Author contends that Howard's proposal to create a network of garden cities in American and European urban sprawls stemmed from a desire to reconnect humans with nature and to foster sustainable development in urban areas; nineteenth and twentieth centuries.

Clark, Gary. "History and Ecology: The Poetry of Les Murray and Gary Snyder." ISLE 10.1 (Winter 2003): 27-54. Compares the work of American poet Gary Synder (1930- ) with Australian poet Les Murray (1938- ). The author uses the theories of social ecologist Murray Bookchin (1921- ) to interpret the ecological messages present in the poetry of both Snyder and Murray. Other topics discussed include ecocriticism and ecological philosophy.

Coates, Ken. "Breathing New Life into Treaties: History, Politics, the Law, and Aboriginal Grievances in Canada's Maritime Provinces." Agricultural History 77 (Spring 2003): 333-354. Examines attempts by First Nations Indians of North America to challenge government regulations restricting fishing rights. Focuses on the 1999 Canadian Supreme Court case, R. v. Donald Marshall Jr., to demonstrate how the Aborigines successfully used the law to gain access to key fishing areas in Canada.

Cogbill, Charles V., John Burk, and Glenn Motzkin. "The Forests of Presettlement New England, USA: Spatial and Compositional Patterns Based on Town Proprietor Surveys." Compiled by David R. Foster and assisted by Glenn Motzkin and David Orwig. Journal of Biogeography 29 (October/November 2002): 1279-1304. Part of special issue titled "Insights From Historical Geography to Ecology and Conservation: Lessons From the New England Landscape." Uses New England town presettlement surveys to analyze the vegetation, hardwood forests, and historical ecology of the region during the seventeenth, eighteenth, and nineteenth centuries.

Cole, Daniel H., and Peter Z. Grossman. "The Meaning of Property Rights: Law versus Economics?" Land Economics 78 (August 2002): 317-330. Analysis of the concept of property rights as it pertains to economic literature. Includes discussion of how legal definition of property rights often differs from that put forth by economists in the United States. Also describes how differing definitions of property rights can affect twentieth-century environmental issues such as pollution.

Connor, Sheila. "Shrubs and Vines at the Arnold Arboretum: A History." Arnoldia 62 (No. 2, 2003): 2-15. On the development of the Arnold Arboretum at Harvard University in Boston, Massachusetts, with special attention to the collection and planting of shrubs and vines, from the 1870s through the 1970s. Discusses the various roles played by landscape architects, horticulturists, and site directors over the years, including: Frederick Law Olmsted (1822-1903), Charles Sprague Sargent (1841-1927), Ernest Henry Wilson (1876-1930), Donald Wyman (1903- ), Beatrix Farrand (1872-1959), Karl Sax, and Peter Ashton.

Crawford, Gary W., and David G. Smith. "Paleoethnobotany in the Northeast." In People and Plants in Ancient Eastern North America, edited by Paul E. Minnis. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Books, 2003. 172-257 pp. Plant vegetation and the use of such plants by human beings living in the northeastern United States and eastern Canada during prehistoric times.

Crouse, Mike. "'A Different Hat Everyday': Evenson Logging Company Clatskaine, Oregon." Loggers World 39 (May 2003): 8-9, 11, 15, 18-19, 24-25. Traces history of the Evenson family of Clatskanie, Oregon, focusing on the founding and subsequent expansion of their logging company. Includes information about logging equipment and technology; nineteenth and twentieth centuries.

Crowley, Keith. "MacQuarrie and Leopold." Wisconsin Magazine of History 86 (Summer 2003): 30-33. Excerpts from Keith Crowley's 2003 book, Gordon MacQuarrie: The Story of an Old Duckhunter (Madison: Wisconsin Historical Society). Discusses Gordon MacQuarrie's (1900-1956) work as an outdoor writer, his relationship with Aldo Leopold (1886-1948), and his views on wildlife management and outdoor recreation; twentieth century.

Culver, Lawrence. "From 'Last of the Old West' to First of the New West: Tourism and Transformation in Jackson Hole, Wyoming." In Imagining the Big Open: Nature, Identity, and Play in the New West, edited by Liza Nicholas, Elaine M. Bapis, and Thomas J. Harvey. Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press, 2003. 163-180 pp. Argues that tourists have been drawn to the rural wilderness of Jackson Hole, Wyoming, from the time it was primarily a ranching town in the late nineteenth century to the late twentieth century, when the community served as a center for tourists visiting Grand Teton National Park. Culver asserts that while the town's economic structure may have altered over time, people continued to positively respond to an idea of regional identity associated with this place.

Cumbia, Dean. "The Southern Pine Types in Virginia: Loblolly-Shortleaf Pine." Virginia Forests 59 (Spring 2003): 5-11. Overview of the various types of pine trees located in Virginia with a focus on the loblolly and shortleaf. Includes brief history of loblolly and shortleaf forest types and land use in Virginia during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.

Davis, Jack E. "Up from the Sawgrass: Marjory Stoneman Douglas and the Influence of Female Activism in Florida Conservation." In Making Waves: Female Activists in Twentieth-Century Florida, edited by Jack E. Davis and Kari Frederickson. Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 2003. 148-176 pp. Biographical essay on writer, feminist, and conservationist Marjory Stoneman Douglas (1890-1998). Douglas spent much of her adult life in Florida serving in women's clubs and fighting for women's suffrage and nature conservation, especially in the Florida Everglades, through both her writings and her social activism.

Dewey, Scott Hamilton. "'Is This What We Came to Florida For?' Florida Women and the Fight against Air Pollution in the 1960s." In Making Waves: Female Activists in Twentieth-Century Florida, edited by Jack E. Davis and Kari Frederickson. Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 2003. 197-225 pp. Discusses the environmental impacts of and the health hazards that arose from air pollution caused by population growth and industrial development in Florida during the mid-twentieth century, focusing on women activists who fought for stronger pollution control measures in Jacksonville, Miami, and other areas of the state, especially during the 1960s.

Di Chiro, Giovanna. "Beyond Ecoliberal 'Common Futures': Environmental Justice, Toxic Touring, and a Transcommunal Politics of Place." In Race, Nature, and the Politics of Difference, edited by Donald S. Moore, Jake Kosek, and Anand Pandian. Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press, 2003. 204-232 pp. Examines environmental and political concerns that have resulted in increasing international cooperation in environmental protection and a global environmental justice movement since the early 1970s. Includes discussion of "toxic touring," a relatively new ecotourism experience where tourists visit sites where environmental and health hazards have resulted from capitalist development.

Doering, Martin. "The Politics of Nature: Constructing German Reunification During the Great Oder Flood of 1997." Environment and History 9 (May 2003): 195-214. Examines media coverage of the Oder Flood (Germany) of 1997. Author argues that natural disasters and other environmental phenomena can be viewed as a metaphor for events unique to a particular region. Uses German flood to strengthen his argument in that people's response to work collectively to control the disaster was portrayed by the media as a reunified Germany striving for national identity.

Dunkerly, Robert M. "Our History's History." George Wright Forum 20 (No. 1, 2003): 18-24. Outlines historical research within the USDI National Park Service during the twentieth century, including changes in official policies and regulations and interpretation of historic sites.

Durrant, Jeffrey O. "The Wilderness Movement and the Historical Development of Vehicle Routes on Federal Public Land." Journal of the West 42 (Spring 2003): 83-92. Explores the competing interests of wilderness advocates and motorized recreation enthusiasts on public lands in the Western United States during the twentieth century. Uses San Rafael Swell (Utah) as case study to look at how differing opinions between the Bureau of Land Management (BLM), a local county government, and a wilderness advocacy group sparked debate, and contrasting solutions for land use in the region. Provides brief history of federal land management during the nineteenth century, as well as an outline of road construction during the twentieth century in the San Rafael Swell.

Engeman, Richard H., ed. "Jacksonville Woodlands Association." Oregon Historical Quarterly 104 (Summer 2003): 268-269. Edited by Richard H. Engeman with assistance from Larry Smith. Brief history of the twentieth-century Oregon environmental organization, Jacksonville Woodlands Association (JWA). Describes work done by the JWA including the preservation of historic landmarks and the protection of local endangered species. Focuses on the period from the 1980s through the early 2000s.

Foster, David R. "Thoreau's Country: A Historical-Ecological Perspective on Conservation in the New England Landscape." Compiled by David R. Foster and assisted by Glenn Motzkin and David Orwig. Journal of Biogeography 29 (October/November 2002): 1537-1555. Special Issue: "Insights From Historical Geography to Ecology and Conservation: Lessons From the New England Landscape." Uses the conservation strategies of nineteenth-century New England writer and philosopher, Henry David Thoreau (1817-1862), as a springboard for discussion about twentieth-century conservation efforts in New England. Topics include historical ecology, Walden Pond (Massachusetts), land use, and cultural landscapes.

Foster, David R., et al. "Oak, Chestnut and Fire: Climatic and Cultural Controls of Long-Term Forest Dynamics in New England, USA." Compiled by David R. Foster and assisted by Glenn Motzkin and David Orwig. Journal of Biogeography 29 (October/November 2002): 1359-1379. Special Issue: "Insights From Historical Geography to Ecology and Conservation: Lessons From the New England Landscape." Long-term study ranging from prehistoric times through the twentieth century that focused on an analysis of two sites in central Massachusetts: Chamberlain Swamp and Lily Pond. The authors used varying types of analyses, including dendrochronology, to conclude that climate change and fires contributed greatly to the abundance of chestnut and oak trees in the region.

Foster, David R., et al. "Cultural, Environmental and Historical Controls of Vegetation Patterns and the Modern Conservation Setting on the Island of Martha's Vineyard, USA." Compiled by David R. Foster and assisted by Glenn Motzkin and David Orwig. Journal of Biogeography 29 (October/November 2002): 1381-1400. Special Issue: "Insights From Historical Geography to Ecology and Conservation: Lessons From the New England Landscape." Detailed examination of the changes in vegetation in Martha's Vineyard, Massachusetts, from prehistoric times through the twentieth century. Also looks at how the geographical and cultural variation of Martha's Vineyard contributed to modern conservation efforts.

Foster, David R., et al. "Wildlife Dynamics in the Changing New England Landscape." Compiled by David R. Foster and assisted by Glenn Motzkin and David Orwig. Journal of Biogeography 29 (October/November 2002): 1337-1357. Special Issue: "Insights From Historical Geography to Ecology and Conservation: Lessons From the New England Landscape." Examines changes in both animal population and wildlife ecology in Massachusetts, resulting from forest clearing and similar human impacts on the environment; seventeenth, eighteenth, nineteenth, and twentieth centuries.

Garrish, Christopher. "Unscrambling the Omelette: Understanding British Columbia's Agricultural Land Reserve." BC Studies No. 136 (Winter 2002/ 2003): 25-55. Explores efforts by the Agricultural Land Reserve (British Columbia, Canada) to balance the issues of nature conservation, nature reserves, and agriculture with the economic development and urban sprawl of Vancouver, British Columbia, during the twentieth century.

Gerhardt, Fritz, and David R. Foster. "Physiographical and Historical Effects on Forest Vegetation in Central New England, USA." Compiled by David R. Foster and assisted by Glenn Motzkin and David Orwig. Journal of Biogeography 29 (October/November 2002): 1421-1437. Special Issue: "Insights From Historical Geography to Ecology and Conservation: Lessons From the New England Landscape." Examines land use, vegetation, and forest composition of Petersham, Massachusetts from the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Focuses on human impact such as deforestation and adverse weather (hurricanes, for instance) that affected central New England during the period.

Gisler, Monika. "Historical Seismology in Switzerland: Reflections on Issues and Insights." Environment and History 9 (May 2003): 215-237. Analyzes the methodology involved in historic seismology, or the study of past earthquakes, during the eighteenth, nineteenth, and twentieth centuries.

Glass, Jefferson. "Crossing the North Platte River: A Brief History of 'Reshaw's' Bridge, 1852-1866." Annals of Wyoming: The Wyoming History Journal 74 (Summer 2002): 25-40. History of both the bridge construction and commercial activities surrounding the North Platte River (Wyoming), between 1852 and 1866. Uses excerpts from journals and letters to provide first-hand accounts of westward expansion, frontier and pioneer life, and relations between pioneers and Native Americans.

Gonzales, Phillip B. "Struggle for Survival: The Hispanic Land Grants of New Mexico, 1848-2001." Agricultural History 77 (Spring 2003): 293-324. Detailed overview of how the annexation of New Mexico under the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo (1848) led to disputes between the American government and indigenous people of Mexico regarding land ownership, land policy, and land grants. Article documents twentieth-century attempts by activists to retain communal rights to land through law and legislation.

Graham, Frank, Jr. "A Century of Progress." Audubon 105 (June 2003): 49-49. Part of a special Audubon issue celebrating the centennial of the National Wildlife Refuge System. Timeline documenting history of National Wildlife Refuge System during the twentieth century. Discusses influential conservationists, such as Rachel Carson (1907-1964) and President Theodore Roosevelt (1858-1919), and important conservation laws and legislation, including the Endangered Species Preservation Act (1966) and the National Wildlife Refuge Improvement Act (1997).

Graham, Frank, Jr. "Where Wildlife Rules." Audubon 105 (June 2003): 40-48. Part of a special Audubon issue celebrating the centennial of the National Wildlife Refuge System. Traces history of National Wildlife Refuge System in the United States, including President Theodore Roosevelt's (1858-1919) prominent role in setting aside protected areas. Article focuses on U. S. Fish and Wildlife conservation policies and the Petit National Refuge of Maine; twentieth century.

Gremillion, Kristen J. "Eastern Woodlands Overview." In People and Plants in Ancient Eastern North America, edited by Paul E. Minnis. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Books, 2003. 17-49 pp. Forest composition and use of woodland plants in eastern Canada and the United States during prehistoric times.

Hagopian, John S. "The Municipalization of the City of Kingston Water Works Company." Ontario History 95 (Spring 2003): 65-94. Provides nineteenth-century history of water development projects in Canada. Uses the City of Kingston Water Works Company as an example to explain how early projects came about (concerns about public health and fire prevention) and why some people opposed the public regulation of water.

Hall, Brian, et al. "Three Hundred Years of Forest and Land-Use Change in Massachusetts, USA." Compiled by David R. Foster and assisted by Glenn Motzkin and David Orwig. Journal of Biogeography 29 (October/November 2002): 1319-1335. Special Issue: "Insights From Historical Geography to Ecology and Conservation: Lessons From the New England Landscape." Examines changes in forest cover and composition throughout Massachusetts between the seventeenth and twentieth centuries.

Harvey, Thomas J. "The Sundance Kid and Sundance: The West as Nature." In Imagining the Big Open: Nature, Identity, and Play in the New West, edited by Liza Nicholas, Elaine M. Bapis, and Thomas J. Harvey. Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press, 2003. 272-279 pp. Discusses American actor and filmmaker Robert Redford's environmental activism and ideas about nature; their influence on the use of environmental themes in the development of his Sundance resort in Utah; and their role in the construction of an artificial regional identity in Sundance, Utah, from the late 1960s through the 1990s.

Hendrickson, Kenneth E., Jr. "Replenishing the Soul of Texas: The Civilian Conservation Corps in the Lone Star State as an Example of State-Federal Work Relief During the Great Depression." Historian 65 (Summer 2003): 801-816. Provides history of the U.S. Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) in Texas during the 1930s. In addition to discussing the bureaucratic aspects of the CCC, the article also describes the leaders, workers, and some of the projects undertaken in Texas by the CCC during the Great Depression. Often such projects included forest improvement work or the construction of trails and facilities at state and national parks.

Hert, Tamsen Emerson. "Rustic Roosevelt Lodge." Annals of Wyoming: The Wyoming History Journal 74 (Summer 2002): 16-19. History of Camp Roosevelt and Roosevelt Lodge (Wyoming), located in Yellowstone National Park. Focuses on construction of the lodge in 1919 as well as historical events that affected visitation to the site; twentieth century.

Huggler, Tom. "Products for Piscatorial Pursuits." Michigan History (May/June 2003): 16-21. Brief overview of fishing equipment and supplies, most especially lures, produced by companies in Michigan during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.

Hughes, J. Donald. "Ripples in Clio's Pond: An Environmental Historian Looks at the 21st Century." Capitalism, Nature, Socialism 13 (December 2002): 51-62. In addition to providing a general worldwide environmental history for the twentieth century, the author also speculates about the prominent environmental issues for the 21st century. Focuses on three major themes that can contribute to environmental degradation: population growth; biodiversity; and the struggle of local communities to control their own environmental policies in the face of globalization.

Hull, Tom. "'More Deadly than War': High-Lead Steam Logging Unit." Technology and Culture 44 (April 2003): 355-358. Brief description of the technological development of twentieth-century logging equipment and machinery, with a focus on steam logging.

Irby, Lee. "A Passion for Wild Things: Marjorie Harris Carr and the Fight to Free a River." In Making Waves: Female Activists in Twentieth-Century Florida, edited by Jack E. Davis and Kari Frederickson. Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 2003. 177-196 pp. Biographical essay on Florida zoologist Marjorie Harris Carr (1915- ), whose environmental activism focused on the creation of wildlife sanctuaries, the preservation of wilderness areas, and the prevention of construction of the Cross Florida Barge Canal due to its probable negative environmental impacts on the Ocklawaha River region.

Jacob, Walter W. "The Early Development of Zig-Zag Rules, Part 2." Chronicle of the Early American Industries Association 56 (June 2003): 70-75. Continuation of article published by same author in the March 2003 issue of this journal (pp. 32-37). On the design and manufacture of wooden and aluminum Zig-Zag folding rules by A. Stanley and Company in the United States from the 1900s to the 1930s. Includes photos and sketches of the early measuring instruments.

Jones, Karen. "'Way Out West ... Ghost Towns, Gray Wolves, Territorial Prisons & More!' Celebrating the Wolf in the New West." In Imagining the Big Open: Nature, Identity, and Play in the New West, edited by Liza Nicholas, Elaine M. Bapis, and Thomas J. Harvey. Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press, 2003. 27-44 pp. Discusses the change in human attitudes toward wolves in the western United States from that during the nineteenth century, when people hunted wolves to near extinction for sport and for the economic purpose of protecting cattle, with that in the late twentieth century, when the wolf became a tourist beacon and a symbolic icon of the "natural" western United States.

Judge, Rebecca P. "Restoring the Commons: Toward a New Interpretation of Locke's Theory of Property." Land Economics 78 (August 2002): 331-338. Author uses John Locke's (1632-1704) book, Second Treatise of Government, originally published in 1690, to consider how the English philosopher's views on property rights influenced environmental economics of the seventeenth, eighteenth, nineteenth, and twentieth centuries.

Keegan, Bridget. "Snowstorms, Shipwrecks, and Scorching Heat: The Climates of Eighteenth-Century Laboring-Class Locodescriptive Poetry." ISLE 10.1 (Winter 2003): 75-96. Examines how eighteenth-century poetry written by workers in Great Britain offers insight into peasants' attitudes towards nature. Author reveals that many working class poems from the period discuss weather and man's attempts to control the climate and shed light on working women's views on nature.

Kelleher, Michael. "Changing Approaches to Management at the Tsankawi Mesa of Bandelier National Monument." George Wright Forum 20 (No. 1, 2003): 58-64. Traces the history of the Bandelier National Monument (New Mexico), with a particular focus on the Tsankawi Mesa. Although the USDI National Park Service originally planned on excavating the site and developing the area to accommodate an increase in tourism throughout the twentieth century, National Park Service officials decided in the 1990s to leave Tsankawi Mesa unaltered.

Kempe, Michael. "Noah's Flood: The Genesis Story and Natural Disasters in Early Modern Times." Environment and History 9 (May 2003): 151-172. Analyzes how European people perceived natural disasters, such as floods and earthquakes, from the sixteenth century through the twentieth century. Compares viewpoints of naturalist Johann Jakob Scheuchzer (1672-1733) with Anglican clergy member Thomas Burnet (1635?-1715) regarding beliefs about the potential causes of natural disasters.

Kordecki, Leslie. "Ecofeminism and the Father of English Poetry: Chaucer's Parliament of Fowls." ISLE 10.1 (Winter 2003): 97-114. Uses the British author Geoffrey Chaucer's (1343-1400) poem, Parliament of Fowls, as a springboard for discussion about ecofeminism. The author maintains poems such as Chaucer's that equate animals as feminine and nature as a thing of beauty (much like women), taught readers that men had the power to dominate both women and nature; fourteenth century.

Kuhlberg, Mark. "Pulp and Paper in Canada: Its First Century." Pulp & Paper Canada 104 (May 2003): 16-24. Examines history of the pulp and paper industry of Canada during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Discusses the newsprint industry, several pulp and paper companies, and the changing technology of the industry. Article includes photos of Canadian pulp and paper mills.

Lambert, Robert A. "Seabird Control and Fishery Protection in Cornwall, 1900-50." British Birds 96 (January 2003): 30-34. Author contends bird preservation (mainly the shag and cormorant) in the region of Cornwall, England, and most especially the Scilly Islands (England), suffered during the first-half of the twentieth century because people of fishing communities regarded birds as a threat to their livelihoods.

Lambin, Eric F., and Helmut J. Geist. "Regional Differences in Tropical Deforestation." Environment 45 (July/August 2003): 22-30, 32-34, 36. Examines the different economic, institutional, technological, cultural, and demographic factors that have led to varying degrees of environmental degradation and tropical deforestation in Africa, Latin America, and Southeast Asia; nineteenth and twentieth centuries.

Lang, William L. "Beavers, Firs, Salmon, and Falling Water: Pacific Northwest Regionalism and the Environment." Oregon Historical Quarterly 104 (Summer 2003): 151-165. Analyzes the role salmon, beavers, and fir trees played in the development of the regional identity of the Pacific Northwest in the United States during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.

Lankard, Annemarie, and William J. McLaughlin. "Marketing an Environmental Issue: A Case Study of the Wilderness Society's Core Messages to Promote National Forest Conservation from 1964 to 2000." Society and Natural Resources 16 (May/June 2003): 415-434. In-depth analysis of goals and mission of the environmental organization, The Wilderness Society, between 1964 and 2000. Topics discussed include wilderness preservation, environmental law and legislation, forest conservation, and the American environmental movement.

Leahy, Ellen. "'Montana Fever': Smallpox and the Montana State Board of Health." Montana the Magazine of Western History 53 (Summer 2003): 32-45. Smallpox epidemics in Montana and efforts to create a state agency to protect public health; 1870s through 1900s. The Montana State Board of Health became a reality in March 1901.

Leccese, Michael. "Nurturing a Fragile Giant." Landscape Architecture 93 (July 2003): 48-58, 99-100. Provides background on the U.S. Bureau of Land Management (BLM) and the National Landscape Conservation System (NLCS) during the twentieth century. Author contends that the BLM and the NLCS need more landscape architects to help them protect public lands and balance the competing interests of public land use and preservation.

Levine, Andrea. "Ohio Forestry Research: From Yesterday to Tomorrow." Ohio Woodlands 41 (Spring 2003): 9-10. Traces history of forestry research in Ohio, beginning with Charles E. Thorne's (Director of Ohio Agricultural Experiment Station) idea to establish a state arboretum in 1906. Article also discusses agroforestry, experimental forests, and forest management; nineteenth and twentieth centuries.

Limerick, Patricia Nelson. "Forestry and Modern Environmentalism: Ending the Cold War." Journal of Forestry 100 (December 2002): 46-51. Condensed version of an address presented on February 8, 2002, in Washington, D.C., at the Pinchot Institute for Conservation's Pinchot Distinguished Lecture. Analyzes role the Cold War played in the increase of timber harvests in the United States during the latter half of the twentieth century and the resulting tensions that emerged between environmentalists and foresters. Includes topics such as conservation, preservation, and a brief discussion of the impact Gifford Pinchot (1865-1946) and John Muir (1838-1914) both had on the modern environmental movement in the United States.

Lizarralde, Manuel. "Green Imperialism: Indigenous People and Conservation of Natural Environments." In Our Backyard: A Quest for Environmental Justice, edited by Gerald R. Visgilio and Diana M. Whitelaw. Lanham, Md.: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc., 2003. 39-57 pp. Focuses on environmental justice issues associated with conflict between the indigenous Barí peoples of Venezuela and United States commercial interests over use of tropical rainforest resources in Venezuela in the 1980s and 1990s. Topics covered include forest clearing for subsistence purposes, commercial logging, and efforts to curb deforestation.

Loughrin, Jason. "One Hundred Years of Health." Wisconsin Natural Resources 27 (April 2003): 24-28. A brief history of the Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene, in which the author concentrates on the efforts of the state organization to promote public health by investigating issues such as water quality; 20th century.

Lovin, Hugh T. "Federal Intervention and Irrigated Farming at King Hill." Pacific Northwest Quarterly 94 (Spring 2003): 59-68. Analyzes the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation's supervision of the King Hill project (Idaho) during the first few decades of the twentieth century. According to the article, western farmers expressed dissatisfaction with the irrigation system and in the opinion of the author, the King Hill Project illustrated the difficulties in the reclamation of the western region of the United States.

Lundblad, Michael. "Patagonia, Gary Snyder, and the 'Magic' of Wilderness." In Imagining the Big Open: Nature, Identity, and Play in the New West, edited by Liza Nicholas, Elaine M. Bapis, and Thomas J. Harvey. Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press, 2003. 73-91 pp. On the use of verbage written by nature writer Gary Snyder (1930- ) to evoke idealized images of pristine wilderness to promote outdoor recreation products in the sales catalogs of Patagonia, a manufacturer of outdoor recreation apparel and gear headquartered in Nevada. The author asserts that the company's sales philosophy tends to ignore issues of environmental and social justice and instead promotes capitalist consumer consumption at the expense of the environment, contrary to the messages implied in its products catalogs. Late twentieth century.

McNeill, J. R. "Earth, Wind, Water and Fire: Resource Exploitation in the Twentieth Century." Global Dialogue 4 (Winter 2002): 11-19. Examines worldwide ecological changes during the twentieth century and points to population growth, deforestation, pollution, and global use of natural resources as contributing factors to environmental degradation.

McNeill, John R. "Environmental History Suggests Paths to Sustainability." Renewable Resources Journal 21 (Spring 2003): 11-14. Brief description of ecological changes throughout the world during the 20th century. Focuses on sustainability and population growth, two subjects emphasized in the author's 2000 book, Something New Under the Sun: An Environmental History of the Twentieth-Century World (New York: W.W. Norton).

Madhusoodanan, G. "Greening the Red Silently: A Case Study from India." Capitalism, Nature, Socialism 14 (March 2003): 37-54. Concentrates on Kerala (India) to highlight how widespread environmental concerns have helped communist leaders stay in power in much of India throughout the twentieth century. Other topics discussed include Marxism, globalization, environmental change, and political ecology.

Marx, Brandon C. "Why Not Make it Voluntary? Controversy over the Recreation Fee Demonstration Program and Liability Implications for Federal Managers." Journal of Environmental Law and Litigation 17 (Fall 2002): 423-440. Author argues against the Recreation Fee Demonstration Program (RFDP) imposed by the USDA Forest Service and the American Recreation Coalition (ARC) during the 1990s, claiming that it infringes on the rights of American citizens to use public lands. Other topics include environmental law and legislation and outdoor recreation.

Miller, Char. "Rough Terrain: Forest Management and its Discontents, 1891-2001." International Journal of Food, Agriculture and Environment 1 (January 2003): 135-138. Traces political opposition to forest management and conservation in the United States, paying particular attention to public concerns about the creation of national forests, clearcutting practices thereon, and the emergence of genetically engineered trees and agricultural crops.

Miller, Layne. "Desolation Canyon: Rafting Through History." Utah Preservation 7 ([2003]): 24-29. Brief history of the historic landmark, Desolation Canyon (Utah), during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Topics discussed include the Green River (Utah), ranching, and rafting.

Minnis, Paul E. "Prehistoric Ethnobotany in Eastern North America: An Introduction." In People and Plants in Ancient Eastern North America, edited by Paul E. Minnis. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Books, 2003. 1-16 pp. Introduction to this volume that includes essays examining human-plant relationships in eastern Canada and the United States during prehistoric times.

Mohai, Paul. "Dispelling Old Myths: African American Concern for the Environment." Environment 45 (June 2003): 10-26. Author argues that on average, African Americans have similar environmental concerns as their white counterparts living in the United States. The article uses data collected from several opinion polls to conclude that African Americans care about environmental issues such as air and water pollution and toxic waste; twentieth century.

Morrison, Ronald P. "Wilderness and Clearing: Thoreau, Heidegger, and the Poetic." ISLE 10.1 (Winter 2003): 143-166. Examines viewpoints of New England writer and philosopher Henry David Thoreau (1817-1862) and German philosopher Martin Heidegger (1889-1976) regarding nature. Author contends that both men viewed poetry as truer than science because language allows people to connect with nature. According to the article, Thoreau and Heidegger believed poetry facilitated a symbolic clearing of the forest, in that it allowed people to see things in the wilderness that otherwise would remain hidden.

Motzkin, Glenn, et al. "Vegetation Variation Across Cape Cod, Massachusetts: Environmental and Historical Determinants." Compiled by David R. Foster and assisted by Glenn Motzkin and David Orwig. Journal of Biogeography 29 (October/November 2002): 1439-1454. Special Issue: "Insights From Historical Geography to Ecology and Conservation: Lessons From the New England Landscape." Detailed analysis of changes in land use and the variation in vegetation in Cape Cod (Massachusetts) between the mid-nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Includes discussions on fire history and conservation in the region during the period.

Motzkin, Glenn, and David R. Foster. "Grasslands, Heathlands and Shrublands in Coastal New England: Historical Interpretations and Approaches to Conservation." Compiled by David R. Foster and assisted by Glenn Motzkin and David Orwig. Journal of Biogeography 29 (October/November 2002): 1569-1590. Special Issue: "Insights From Historical Geography to Ecology and Conservation: Lessons From the New England Landscape." Study of conservation and land management in the coastal northeastern United States from prehistoric times through the twentieth century. Focuses on grasslands, heathlands, and shrubs.

National Museum of Forest Service History Newsletter. "The Forest Service Went to War in 1917!" National Museum of Forest Service History Newsletter 14 (March 2003): 1, 3-4. Majority of article taken from Percival S. Ridsdale's June 1919 essay in American Forestry Magazine, "How the American Army Got Its Wood." Describes the contribution of the USDA Forest Service during World War I. Sparked by a need for wood to fuel the war effort in Europe, the Forest Service established the American University Camp in 1917, a training station in Washington, D.C., to prepare foresters and lumbermen for their upcoming service in France.

Newsom, Lee A., and Deborah M. Pearsall. "Trends in Caribbean Island Archaeobotany." In People and Plants in Ancient Eastern North America, edited by Paul E. Minnis. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Books, 2003. 347-412 pp. Examines evidence of prehistoric plants indigenous to islands in the Caribbean.

Niermann, Jon. "Alternative Dispute Resolution in CERCLA Settlement." Journal of Environmental Law and Litigation 17 (Fall 2002): 389-422. Examination of two federal environmental laws, Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) and Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA), aimed at curbing unsafe hazardous waste disposal and controlling pollution. The author contends that despite the imperfections of ADR and CERCLA, they help promote environmental justice in the United States; twentieth century.

O'Connell, Kim A. "The Keepers of the Keys." National Parks 77 (May/June 2003): 30-33. Describes how Israel Lafayette "Parson" Jones (1859-1932) and his descendants purchased and lived on Porgy Key (Biscayne National Park) during the late nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Documents efforts by local community and Biscayne National Park officials to interpret the story of an African-American family who chose to sell their land to the U.S. government for conservational purposes instead of to private developers for a large profit.

Ohio Woodlands. "Ohio Forestry: One Hundred Years." Ohio Woodlands (Winter 2003): 1-56. Special commemorative issue of Ohio Woodlands marking the one-hundred-year anniversary of the Ohio Forestry Association, Inc. Includes many photos documenting the history of the various forest industries of Ohio during the twentieth century. Focuses on forest management efforts by the Ohio Forestry Association throughout the past one hundred years.

Omodeo, John. "Hobbit Sense." Landscape Architecture 93 (May 2003): 36-42. Brief biography of English author, J. R. R. Tolkien (1892-1973), and analysis of subtle messages regarding the environment contained in his literary trilogy, Lord of the Rings. The author contends that in addition to warnings of environmental degradation, Tolkien's books promote conservation and sustainable development.

Ott, Jennifer. "'Ruining' the Rivers in the Snake Country: The Hudson's Bay Company's Fur Desert Policy." Oregon Historical Quarterly 104 (Summer 2003): 166-195. Presents history of the fur trade in the Snake River Plain of Oregon between the 1820 and 1840, most especially the policies adopted by the Hudson's Bay Company. Speculates about the effect fur trade and beaver trapping may have had on the local environment.

Otterstrom, Samuel M. "The Influences of Transportation and Geography on the Settlement and Development of Lake County, California." Journal of the West 42 (Spring 2003): 34-44. Examines the role transportation and geography played in the economic development of Lake County, California, during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Focuses on road construction, railroads, and automobiles as contributing factors to population increase in the area. Also describes how recreational use of land and the popularity of resorts helped further populate and define Lake County.

Owens, Ken. "Fishing the Hatch: New West Romanticism and Fly-Fishing in the High Country." In Imagining the Big Open: Nature, Identity, and Play in the New West, edited by Liza Nicholas, Elaine M. Bapis, and Thomas J. Harvey. Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press, 2003. 111-121 pp. On the growth in popularity of fly fishing and fly fishing tourism in the western United States since the early twentieth century, and in the association of fly fishing with a notion of western regional identity.

Packham, Jim. "Threads in Wood." Chronicle of the Early American Industries Association 56 (June 2003): 56-67. Describes different types of wooden screws as well as the use and manufacturing of woodworking tools with wooden threads around the world, primarily during the seventeenth, eighteenth, and nineteenth centuries.

Parshall, Tim, and David R. Foster. "Fire on the New England Landscape: Regional and Temporal Variation, Cultural and Environmental Controls." Compiled by David R. Foster and assisted by Glenn Motzkin and David Orwig. Journal of Biogeography 29 (October/November 2002): 1305-1317. Special Issue: "Insights From Historical Geography to Ecology and Conservation: Lessons From the New England Landscape." Wide-ranging analysis of the role fire played in the New England landscape from prehistoric times to the early years of European settlement in the region. Authors use pollen and charcoal analyses in their determination that the regional climate had a significant impact on the forests of New England.

Paul, Lawrence G. "On the Diversity of the Firefinder." Lookout Network: The Newsletter of the Forest Fire Lookout Association, Inc. 14 (Spring 2003): 8-9. Brief article describing the various types of firefinders used in fire lookout stations in the United States during the twentieth century.

Pedersen, Scott C. "Earth, Wind, and Fire." Natural History 112 (July/August 2003): 20-24. Discusses the impacts of natural disasters, especially hurricanes and volcanic eruptions, on the fruit bat population of the Caribbean island of Montserrat; 1980s and 1990s.

Peluso, Nancy Lee. "Fruit Trees and Family Trees in an Anthropogenic Forest: Property Zones, Resource Access, and Environmental Change in Indonesia." In Culture and the Question of Rights: Forests, Coasts, and Seas in Southeast Asia, edited by Charles Zerner. Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press, 2003. 184-218 pp. Discusses indigenous forest dwelling peoples' property rights in West Kalimantan, Borneo, since the nineteenth century. Focuses on social life and customs and government zoning policies that have affected durian fruit tree harvesting and planting practices, thereby influencing environmental change.

Perelman, Michael. "Myths of the Market: Economics and the Environment." Organization & Environment 16 (June 2003): 168-226. Detailed analysis and critique of the market economies of Europe and the United States during the seventeenth, eighteenth, nineteenth, and twentieth centuries. Author argues that market economy clashes with sustainability and contributes to natural resource depletion, land degradation, forest devastation and the extinction of animals such as the passenger pigeon. To strengthen his argument, author includes excerpts from leading economists, such as Adam Smith (1723-1790) and John Maynard Keynes (1883-1946).

Plass, Karen, and Nancy Larson. "Teamwork on Wisconsin's North Coast: Progress in Protecting the Massive, yet Fragile Lake Superior." Wisconsin Natural Resources 27 (April 2003): 1-16. Special insert (numbered pages one through sixteen despite being found in the middle of the journal) containing several short essays describing the history and characteristics of Lake Superior (Wisconsin). In particular, an essay on the human and natural history of the Lake provides information about the relationship between the inhabitants and the environment in the region during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Topics discussed include air and water pollution, recreational land use, fish conservation, and watershed management.

Pope, James Gray. "The Western Pennsylvania Coal Strike of 1933, Part I: Lawmaking from Below and the Revival of the United Mine Workers." Labor History 44 (February 2003): 15-48. Detailed summary of the United Mine Workers of America (UMWA) strike in Pennsylvania during the 1930s. Article focuses on events leading up to strike and the prominent people involved in the settlement, such as UMWA President John L. Lewis (1880-1969) and U.S. President Franklin Delano Roosevelt (1882-1945).

Pope, James Gray. "The Western Pennsylvania Coal Strike of 1933, Part II: Lawmaking from Above and the Demise of Democracy in the United Mine Workers." Labor History 44 (May 2003): 235-264. Looks at the strife within the United Mine Workers of America (UMW) union under the leadership of John L. Lewis (1880-1969); efforts of Pennsylvania union members to effect change in working conditions through a coal strike in 1993 and through networking within the union; and communication between the UMW and Pennsylvania governor Gifford Pinchot (1865-1946) and president Franklin D. Roosevelt (1882-1945).

Porter, Phil. "Summer's Playground." Michigan History (May/June 2003): 28-36. Brief description of summer outdoor recreation during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries on Mackinac Island, Michigan. Focuses on fishing, boating, swimming, and biking, and includes several photographs depicting people involved in outdoor recreational activities.

Pulp & Paper Canada. "Now and Then: P&PC at 100." Pulp & Paper Canada 104 (May 2003): 12-15. Brief timeline highlighting the accomplishments of the one hundred-year history of the journal Pulp & Paper Canada. Topics outlined include, the pulp and paper industry and companies, environmental concerns, and advancements in technology concerning pulp and paper production throughout the twentieth century.

Rajala, Richard A. "Pulling Lumber: Indo-Canadians in the British Columbia Forest Industry, 1900-1998." BC Historical News 36 (Winter 2002/2003): 2-13. Provides brief history of British colonialism in India as segway to examination of twentieth-century Indian immigration to British Columbia, Canada. Particular attention paid to trend of Indian immigrants entering forest industries professions, such as working at a sawmill or for a lumber company.

Ramírex, M. Isabel, Joaquín Azcárate, and Laura Luna. "Effects of Human Activities on Monarch Butterfly Habitat in Protected Mountain Forests, Mexico." Forestry Chronicle 79 (March/April 2003): 242-246. Brief article describing the effects of humans on environmental biodiversity. Authors analyzed monarch butterfly of Mexico and found that despite the implementation of protected areas, the species still suffers as result of human activity.

Reno, Kyle, and Doug Clemons. "The Cameron Hunting and Fishing Club." Missouri Conservationist 64 (July 2003): 24-27. History of this club, originally founded as the Cameron Sportsman's Club in 1882. Discusses leaders of the conservation group; its name change in 1933; its work to improve recreational opportunities at Burlington Reservoir in Cameron, Missouri; and its role in conservation advocacy in the local community and the state of Missouri. The group's membership disbanded sometime in the late twentieth century.

Rex-Atzet, Wendy. "Narratives of Place and Power: Laying Claim to Devils Tower." In Imagining the Big Open: Nature, Identity, and Play in the New West, edited by Liza Nicholas, Elaine M. Bapis, and Thomas J. Harvey. Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press, 2003. 45-69 pp. Discusses Native American perceptions of Devils Tower in Wyoming as a sacred place since the nineteenth century; the growth of recreational rock climbing at Devils Tower since the 1930s; the increasing popularity of the Tower as a tourist destination during the late twentieth century; and the U.S. National Park Service's struggle to accommodate multiple land-use interests in management of Devils Tower National Monument in the 1980s and 1990s.

Rohr, Christian. "Man and Natural Disaster in the Late Middle Ages: The Earthquake in Carinthia and Northern Italy on 25 January 1348 and its Perception." Environment and History 9 (May 2003): 127-150. Uses the well documented 1348 earthquake in Corinthia (Austria) and northern Italy to examine people's responses to and perceptions of natural disasters during the Middle Ages. Article also looks at the relationship between the Black Death and the earthquake that rocked large portions of Austria and Italy in 1348.

Rosowsky, David V., Thomas G. Walsh, and Jay H. Crandell. "Reliability of Residential Woodframe Construction from 1900 to Present." Forest Products Journal 53 (April 2003): 19-28. Quantitative study of the reliability (relative safety) of various structural components of single-family buildings, such as roof rafters, floor joists, and roof sheathing, constructed in the United States during the twentieth century. Includes several graphs and tables documenting the changes in construction methods, materials, lumber industry, and housing styles during the past one hundred years.

Sayre, Gordon. "Urban Climbers in the Wilderness: Mounts Hood, Rainier, and Shasta and the History of Popular Mountaineering." In Imagining the Big Open: Nature, Identity, and Play in the New West, edited by Liza Nicholas, Elaine M. Bapis, and Thomas J. Harvey. Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press, 2003. 92-110 pp. Examines the ways in which climbing clubs, such as the Mazamas Club, transformed the sport of rock climbing from an elitist activity to a popular form of outdoor recreation enjoyed by a wide array of people from different backgrounds in Sacramento, California; Portland, Oregon; and Seattle, Washington—cities closest to mounts Shasta, Hood, and Rainier—during the twentieth century.

Scarry, C. Margaret. "Patterns of Wild Plant Utilization in the Prehistoric Eastern Woodlands." In People and Plants in Ancient Eastern North America, edited by Paul E. Minnis. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Books, 2003. 50-104 pp. On the use of wild plants by prehistoric peoples in the eastern United States.

Schler, Lynn. "Ambiguous Spaces: The Struggle over African Identities and Urban Communities in Colonial Douala, 1914-45." Journal of African History 44 (No. 1, 2003): 51-72. Detailed examination of French and German colonial policy in Cameroon during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Focuses on difficulties colonial powers faced maintaining order in New Bell (Doula, Cameroon), due to the refusal of the indigenous populations to acknowledge the colonial urban planning and development efforts.

Schwartz, Anne. "An Improved Prospect." Landscape Architecture 93 (July 2003): 77-85, 108-110. Describes the ambitious preservation of Prospect Park (Brooklyn, New York) by landscape architects during the 1980s and 1990s.

Sculle, Keith A. "The Roadside as Rural Eden in W. Walter Bowers' Postcard Art." Material Culture 35 (Spring 2003): 24-41. Short biography of American artist W. Walter Bowers (1906-1975). Author argues that Bowers' landscape postcards, sketched during the 1940s, 1950s, and 1960s, shed light on American life during this period in both the South and East. Other topics discussed include, tourism, automobiles, and geography. Several examples of Bowers' postcards appear in the article.

Seidemann, Ryan M., and Catherine D. Susman. "Wetlands Conservation in Louisiana: Voluntary Incentives and Other Alternatives." Journal of Environmental Law and Litigation 17 (Fall 2002): 441-496. Overview of federal efforts to conserve Louisiana wetlands from the 1970s through the 1990s. In addition to potential human threats to the wetlands, such as development and pollution, natural problems like erosion also are discussed.

Shapiro, Aaron. "Promoting Cloverland: Regional Associations, State Agencies, and the Creation of Michigan's Upper Peninsula Tourist Industry." Michigan Historical Review 29 (Spring 2003): 1-38. 2002 Student Essay Prize Winner. Examines how government officials in Michigan sought to promote the natural beauty of and opportunity for outdoor recreation in the Upper Peninsula region of the state. In order to attract tourists to the area which contains three Great Lakes, the government instituted the Upper Peninsula Development Bureau (UPDB) to organize an advertising campaign highlighting the environmental features of Michigan; twentieth century.

Shepherd, Harold S. "State Court Jurisdiction over Tribal Water Rights: A Call for Rational Thinking." Journal of Law and Environmental Litigation 17 (Fall 2002): 343-388. Examines several twentieth-century federal cases concerning water rights disputes between Native American tribes and the states in which they were living. Focuses on the water rights of Native Americans in the United States and corresponding water laws and legislation.

Shermatova, Sanobar. "The War for Chechen Oil." Capitalism, Nature, Socialism 14 (March 2003): 113-123. Analyzes the oil industry in Chechnia (Russia) during the twentieth century, with a focus on how petroleum contributed to the outbreak of war in the nation during the 1990s.

Shumway, J. Matthew. "Geography, Accessibility, and the Changing Spatial Distribution of Population and Income in the Rural Mountain West." Journal of the West 42 (Spring 2003): 93-101. Traces the population growth and economic changes in the Mountain West including, Arizona, Nevada, Wyoming, Utah, Colorado, Montana, and Idaho. The author stresses that although change has transpired rapidly in many western states due to advanced technology and transportation, overall, geography remains the most prevalent and steady factor controlling growth in the region; 20th century.

Silbernagel, Bob, and Janet Silbernagel. "Tracking Aldo Leopold through Riley's Farmland." Wisconsin Magazine of History 86 (Summer 2003): 34-45. Brief history of the twentieth-century Riley Game Cooperative (Wisconsin) and Aldo Leopold's (1886-1948) influence on the game reserve. Topics discussed include wildlife ecology, game management, and pheasants.

Smith, Wayne. "The 'Tep 'N' Time' Business; Florida's Old-Time Forest Product." Florida Forests 7 (Spring 2003): 12-15. Brief history of twentieth-century turpentine industry in Florida.

Snider, Anthony G., et al. "Policy Innovations for Private Forest Management and Conservation in Costa Rica." Journal of Forestry 101 (July/August 2003): 18-23. Examines Costa Rican forest conservation and management policies implemented during the twentieth century to protect the biological diversity of forests while also curbing deforestation. Also looks at role private forestry plays in forest conservation in Central America.

Snyder, Michael. "Woods Whys: What Did New England's Forests Look Like Prior to European Settlement?" Northern Woodlands 10 (Summer 2003): 21-21. Brief summary of research study findings concerning the forest composition prior to European settlement in New England during the seventeenth century. Historical ecology of the region suggests that New England forests looked much like twentieth-century forests, including similar tree species and forest cover.

Southern Lumberman. "AHMI Celebrates 75 Years of Service: Appalachian Hardwood Manufacturers, Inc. Plans Anniversary of Promotional and Educational Efforts." Southern Lumberman 264 (February 2003): 14-17, 60. Brief history of the founding of Appalachian Hardwood Manufacturers, Inc. in 1928, as well as description of activities of the forest industry organization including educational outreach programs for schools and community members; twentieth century.

Spence, Mark. "The Unnatural History of the Lewis and Clark Bicentennial." Montana the Magazine of Western History 53 (Summer 2003): 56-63. Critical assessment of current efforts to organize a bicentennial celebration of the exploratory expedition of the western United States led by Meriwether Lewis (1774-1809) and William Clark (1770-1938) from 1804 to 1806. Includes a critical review of the centennial celebration held in Portland, Oregon, in 1905. The author urges the organization of a celebration that downplays romantic, adventurous representations of the historic trip in favor of a focus on the serious ecological and historical legacies provided by the exploration.

Spoolman, Scott. "Expanding Waters: How Wisconsin Became the Wellspring of a New Scientific Field." Wisconsin Magazine of History 86 (Summer 2003): 16-29. Explores emergence of limnology in Wisconsin and focuses on the development of scientific research studies of lake water quality at the University of Wisconsin's limnology laboratory beginning in the early 1900s. Article discusses the role of such leaders of the limnology movement in Wisconsin as Edward A. Birge (1851-1950), Arthur D. Hasler (1908-2001), Chancey Juday (1871-1944), and John J. Magnuson. Also includes information on twentieth-century experiments conducted on Trout Lake (Wisconsin).

Sterling, Eleanor J., Martha M. Hurley, and Raoul H. Bain. "Vietnam's Secret Life." Natural History 112 (March 2003): 50-59. Examines the rich scientific findings by naturalists and biologists in Vietnam during the 1990s. Focuses on the Truong Son Mountain Range of Vietnam to emphasize the biodiversity of the nation, including numerous descriptions of animal species living in the region.

Stewart, Leah, and Lance Purvis. "One Person Can Change the World: Elizabeth Titus-Putnam's Successful Vision." New York State Conservationist 57 (June 2003): 6-9. Short biography of twentieth-century conservationist, Elizabeth Titus-Putnam. Article focuses on Putnam's idea to recruit student volunteers to help preserve national parks and reserves, a dream which became reality in 1955 with the formation of the Student Conservation Association (SCA). Includes information about SCA activities in New York State.

Stuber, Martin. "Divine Punishment or Object of Research? The Resonance of Earthquakes, Floods, Epidemics and Famine in the Correspondence Network of Albrecht von Haller." Environment and History 9 (May 2003): 173-194. Examines how Enlightenment scholar, Albrecht von Haller (1708-1777) responded to natural disasters like earthquakes, floods, epidemic diseases, and famines. Article also suggests that communication among European people concerning the possible causes of natural disasters, sometimes helped lead to successful strategies for combating natural catastrophes.

Timberlines. "Gifford Pinchot: America's First Forester." Timberlines 1 (Spring 2003): 14-16. Biographical sketch of Gifford Pinchot (1865-1946), first chief of the U.S. Forest Service and two-time governor of Pennsylvania.

Tishler, William H., and Erik M. Ghenoiu. "Conservation Pioneers: Jens Jensen and the Friends of Our Native Landscape." Wisconsin Magazine of History 86 (Summer 2003): 2-15. Presents early history of conservation movement in the United States. Also provides biography of influential Midwestern conservationist, Jens Jensen (1860-1951), including his landscape architecture work and his prominent role in the preservation organization, Wisconsin Friends of Our Native Landscape, during the first half of the twentieth century.

Vagnetti, Cynthia. "Restoring Traditions: A Photo Essay." Agricultural History 77 (Spring 2003): 325-354. Brief article describing and documenting author's photographs of twentieth-century American farmers. Also includes information about Dorothea Lange (1895-1965) and the U.S. Department of Agriculture.

Vovk, Viktor, and Prugh. "Red Past. Green Future? Environmental Travails in the Post-Communist World." World Watch 16 (July/August 2003): 12-23. Uses Ukraine as case study to explore the possibility of devising environmental policies that promote sustainable development in the post-communist nations of Eastern Europe. Author argues that Ukraine's continued reliance upon mining and increasing air and water pollution remain only two of the many obstacles blocking the nation from improving its environment; twentieth century.

Wagner, Gail E. "Eastern Woodlands Anthropogenic Ecology." In People and Plants in Ancient Eastern North America, edited by Paul E. Minnis. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Books, 2003. 126-171 pp. Woodland plant vegetation and the use of such plants by human beings living in the northeastern United States and eastern Canada during prehistoric times.

White, Damian Finbar. "Hierarchy, Domination, Nature: Considering Bookchin's Critical Social Theory." Organization & Environment 16 (March 2003): 34-65. A detailed analysis of Murray Bookchin's (1921- ) views on social ecology and environmental ethics. The author uses excerpts from Bookchin's writings, mainly his 1982 book, The Ecology of Freedom: The Emergence and Dissolution of Hierarchy (Palo Alto: Cheshire Books), to present a discussion about twentieth-century worldwide thought on subjects such as historical geography and human ecology.

Wills, John. "'On Burro'd Time': Feral Burros, the Brighty Legend, and the Pursuit of Wilderness in the Grand Canyon." Journal of Arizona History 44 (Spring 2003): 1-24. Analyzes controversy that erupted during the 1970s when animal rights activists criticized the USDI National Park Service's decision to kill burros located in the Grand Canyon National Park (Arizona) because of their detrimental effect on flora and fauna. Provides brief history of burros in the region and examines how tourists' romanticized views of the animal species influenced the course of action by the National Park Service and environmental organizations.

Wiltsie, Meredith, and William Wyckoff. "Reinventing Red Lodge: The Making of a New Western Landscape, 1884-2000." In Imagining the Big Open: Nature, Identity, and Play in the New West, edited by Liza Nicholas, Elaine M. Bapis, and Thomas J. Harvey. Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press, 2003. 125-150 pp. Economic history of Red Lodge, Montana, a late-nineteenth-century coal mining town that evolved into a community dominated by recreational tourism by the late twentieth century.

Wing, Michael G., and Pete Bettinger. "GIS: An Updated Primer on a Powerful Management Tool." Journal of Forestry 101 (June 2003): 4-9. Examines role Geographic Information Systems (GIS) plays in modern forest and natural resource management in the United States. Provides history of and potential problems associated with this technological development; twentieth and twenty-first centuries.

Withiam, Kate. "Into the Woodlands." Pennsylvania Heritage 29 (Summer 2003): 32-37. On William Hamilton's (1745-1813) plant collecting and landscape gardening at his large estate in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, named The Woodlands. The author attributes credit to Hamilton for introducing the ginkgo, Lombardy poplar, Norway maple, and tree of heaven to the United States.

Woodside, Christine. "Back from the Dead." Connecticut Woodlands 68 (Spring 2003): 10-11, 13-16. Examines the transition of the Naugatuck River (Connecticut) from a heavily polluted body of water during the first-half of the twentieth century, to a successful conservation effort brought about by environmental activism, legislation, and research. Labels rubber factories of New England and numerous sewage plants as primary causes of early pollution in Naugatuck River and warns that despite its remarkable recovery, the river still can be contaminated from modern pollutants such as automobiles and industrial waste.

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