| biblioscope: An Archival Guide & Bibliography | Environmental History, 10.2

biblioscope

AN ARCHIVAL GUIDE & BIBLIOGRAPHY

ARTICLES

Allen, Ginny, and Gregory L. Nelson. "Impressions of Oregon: The Art of Reverend Melville Thomas Wire." Oregon Historical Quarterly 105 (Winter 2004): 588 603. Biographical sketch of Reverend Melville Thomas Wire (1877–1966), known for his paintings, photographs, and etchings of rural Oregon landscapes.

Asdal, Kristin. "The Problematic Nature of Nature: The Post-constructivist Challenge to Environmental History." History and Theory 42 (December 2003): 60–74. Discusses the program of environmental history within the larger discipline of history and contrasts it with more recent contributions from post-constructivist science. Argues that the post-constructivist approach, which questions the concepts of nature and the nature/culture dichotomy typically used within environmental history, represents the potential for a reinvigoration of the field that would embrace greater diversity and openness.

Berglund, Eeva K. "A Situated Global Imperative: Debating (the Nation's) Forests in Finland." In Confronting Environments: Local Understanding in a Globalizing World, edited by James G. Carrier. Walnut Creek, CA: AltaMira Press, 2004. 143–164 pp. Uses Finland's so-called "forest wars" in the last years of the twentieth century to explore local and global environmentalism, suggesting nationalism as a framework for environmental policy, management, and activism.

Blomquist, William, and Edella Schlager. "Political Pitfalls of Integrated Watershed Management." Society and Natural Resources 18 (February 2005): 101–117. Uses the example of the San Juan Creek watershed in Southern California to highlight the political issues inherent in attempts at watershed management. Includes a brief history of water resources management in the San Juan Creek region from the 1970s to 2004.

Bradford, David. "When the Grass Stood Stirrup-High: Historical Fact or Urban Myth?" Rangelands 26 (5 2004): 5–14 . Attempt to verify legends about the grasslands of western Colorado known locally as the "adobies" through examination of the accounts of explorers such as the Hayden Survey in 1876. Concludes that stirrup-high grass has not grown in the area for at least 250 years.

Brooks, Karl. "A Legacy in Concrete: The Truman Presidency Transforms America's Environment." In Harry's Farewell: Interpreting and Teaching the Truman Presidency, edited by Richard S. Kirkendall. Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 2004. 299–322 pp. Examines American environmental policy during the Harry S. Truman administration (1945–1953). Discusses the administration's support for widespread water resources development efforts, especially the construction of large dams and the reclamation of rivers, and the resulting environmental backlash.

Browne, Neil. "Activating the 'Art of Knowing': John Dewey, Pragmatist Ecology, and Environmental Writing." ISLE [Interdisciplinary Studies in Literature and Environment] 11.2 (Summer 2004): 1–24. Explores the relationship between literature and science in the work of American educator, psychologist, and philosopher John Dewey (1859–1952). Argues that Dewey provides a framework for integrating science, moral and ethical problems, and art, and that his work can help us understand the importance of the accessibility of knowledge in democratic societies.

Browning, John. "Snowy Mountains Scheme Construction Railways 50 Years On: Part 1: The Gethega-Munyang Tunnel." Light Railways 180 (December 2004): 3–8. Part one of a series of articles on Australia's Snowy Mountains Hydro-Electric Scheme, highlighting the use of construction railways and marking the 50th anniversary of the project. Details the construction of the Guthega-Munyang tunnel near Mt. Kosciusko, which opened in 1955.

Butler, Virginia L. "Where Have All the Native Fish Gone?: The Fate of Fish That Lewis and Clark Encountered on the Lower Columbia River." Oregon Historical Quarterly 105 (Fall 2004): 438–463. History and current status of the Columbia River Basin region's fish populations, comparing records from the time of Lewis and Clark's expedition with those of 200 years later.

Carradice, J. H. (Jack). "From Horses to Helicopters." British Columbia Forest History Newsletter 74 (August 2004): 6–8. Account of the British Columbia Forest Service's transition from using horsemen to fight remote fires to the use of aircraft during the 1950s.

Carrier, James G. "Environmental Conservation and Institutional Environments in Jamaica." In Confronting Environments: Local Understanding in a Globalizing World, edited by James G. Carrier. Walnut Creek, Calif.: AltaMira Press, 2004. 119–141 pp. Considers two national parks in Jamaica during the 1990s, the Negril and Montego Bay Marine Parks, as illustrative of Modernist anthropological scholarship. Concerned with various and conflicting understandings of the environment, particularly as revealed by marine conservation projects in the developing world.

Carriker, Robert. "Still Exploring, Still Learning in 1806: Observations of the Lewis and Clark Expedition between the Columbia and the Bitterroot Range." Oregon Historical Quarterly 105 (Fall 2004): 464–481. Overview of the portion of Lewis and Clark's 1804–1806 expedition between the Columbia River and the Lolo Trail in Montana, emphasizing their interactions with and information provided by members of the Nez Perce tribe.

Carroll, Francis M. "The Search for the Canadian-American Boundary along the Michigan Frontier, 1819–1827: The Boundary Commissions under Articles Six and Seven of the Treaty of Ghent." The Michigan Historical Review 30 (Fall 2004): 77–104. Explores the exploration, survey, and mapping of the international boundary between Michigan and Ontario as part of Treaty of Ghent negotiations ending the War of 1812.

Carruthers, Jane. "Africa: Histories, Ecologies and Societies." Environment and History 10 (November 2004): 379–406. Survey of African environmental history during the period 1994 to 2004.

Casserly, Brian. "Confronting the U.S. Navy at Bangor, 1973–1982." Pacific Northwest Quarterly 95 (Summer 2004): 130–139. Discusses opposition in the community of Bremerton, Washington during the 1970s–1980s to the U.S. Navy's selection of the Bangor Ammunition Depot as the site for a support facility for Trident nuclear submarines. Argues that criticism of the Trident base represented a new development in relations between western communities and the military, as many westerners wereincreasingly unwilling to compromise their natural environments and pacifist beliefs for economic benefits.

Changnon, Stanley A. "From the Mine to the Furnace." Historic Illinois 27 (June 2004): 9–9. Describes how coal was delivered from mines to users in early 20th century America.

Changnon, Stanley A. "The Rise and Fall of Illinois Coal: Black Gold Fueled Development of Southern Illinois." Historic Illinois 27 (June 2004): 3–8. Overview of the coal industry in Illinois from its beginnings in the 1830s, to the early twentieth-century "coal rush," through 2004.

Chapin, Mac. "A Challenge to Conservationists." World Watch 17 (November/December 2004): 17–31. Discusses growing conflicts of interest and the exclusion of indigenous peoples in the operations of three international conservation organizations—the World Wildlife Fund (WWF), Conservation International (CI), and The Nature Conservancy (TNC). Provides historical background for the three organizations since the 1940s, and urges accountability, independent evaluation, and public discussion to help resolve these issues.

Chips and Sawdust. "The Cleereman Family: Loggers, Lumbermen and Inventors." Chips and Sawdust 29 (Spring 2004): 3–16. Historical overview of the Cleereman and Jauquet family's logging and lumber operations in Green Bay and Newald, Wisconsin, from the immigration of Cleereman ancestors from Belgium in the 1850s to the status of Cleereman Industries in 2004.

Chips and Sawdust. "Tales from the Old-Timer: The Peshtigo Lumber Company Ledger." Chips and Sawdust 29 (Fall 2004): 4–4. Describes a mid-nineteenth century ledger kept by William A. Ellis, president of the Peshtigo Lumber Company in Wisconsin during the 1870s. Taken from the Peshtigo Times, 3 August 1994.

Ciesla, William M. "Forests and Forest Protection in Cyprus." Forestry Chronicle 80 (January/February 2004): 107–113. An overview of the history and status of forests and forest protection in Cyprus, and island in the eastern Mediterranean Basin. Examines the effects of human influence from 6000BC to the early twenty-first century, and explores long-term measures for effective management of threats from fire and insects.

Coates, Peter. "Emerging from the Wilderness (or, from Redwoods to Bananas): Recent Environmental History in the United States and the Rest of the Americas." Environment and History 10 (November 2004): 407–438. Charts developments in the environmental history of the Americas during the 1990s and early 2000s, arguing that the field has become more complex and inclusive.

Connor, Sara. "Jauquet Lumber Company." Chips and Sawdust 29 (Fall 2004): 17 22. History of the Jauquet family's lumber operations in the Green Bay area, Wisconsin, 1856 through 2004.

Cook, Rufus. "Memory, Repetition, and Aura: The Ecological Ethos in Joy Kogawa's Obasan." ISLE [Interdisciplinary Studies in Literature and Environment] 11.2 (Summer 2004): 43–56. Examines novels including Joy Kogawa's Obasan (1986), Graham Swift's Waterland (1983), and Michael Ondaatje's The English Patient (1992), arguing that through their creation of "aura," by which objects in the environment acquire "life," they reveal a level of convergence between postmodernist literature and ecological values.

Coombes, Brad, and Stephanie Hill. "'Na whenua, na Tuhoe. Ko D.o.C. te partner': Prospects for Comanagement of Te Urewera National Park." Society and Natural Resources 18 (February 2005): 135–152. Evaluation of early twenty-first century prospects for comanagement, which incorporates indigenous peoples into decision-making to generate policies that reflect local ecology and culture, at Te Urewera National Park in New Zealand. Concludes that it is unrealistic to assume that the Maori will embrace comanagement.

Cooper Jr., Henry S. F. "Introducing Lake Otsego." Heritage 19 (2004): 24–28. An overview of the history, artistic and literary depictions, and conservation of the lake near Cooperstown, New York.

Crist, Eileen. "Against the Social Construction of Nature and Wilderness." Environmental Ethics 26 (Spring 2004): 5–24. Environmental ethics in the philosophy of constructivism.

Crook, D. S., et al. "Human Impact on the Environment in the Annecy Petit Lac Catchment, Haute-Savoie: A Documentary Approach." Environment and History 10 (August 2004): 247–284. Uses archaeological and documentary records to look at human impact on a specific mountain environment, the pre-alps of Savoy, over the long term (from pre-history to the pre-modern period). Reconstructs land-use patterns and nutrient balance for specific periods between 1561 and 1892, demonstrating phases of heightened environmental deterioration, especially the 1730s–1770s and the 1840s–1860s.

Crouse, Mike. "'Half My Plan is...We Know Change is Coming': H. D. Olstedt Logging, Inc., Jewell, Oregon." Loggers World 40 (November 2004): 8–19, 26. Describes the history, from the late 19th century to the 2000s, and modern equipment and capabilities of the Olstedt family's logging operations in the area of Jewell, Oregon.

Cummings, Claire Hope. "Trespass." World Watch 18 (January/February 2005): 24–35. Summarizes the history of genetic engineering in the United States during the 20th century, particularly the University of California at Berkeley's role, arguing that the process is inherently invasive and unstable.

Davidson, Debra J., and Scott Frickel. "Understanding Environmental Governance." Organization & Environment 17 (December 2004): 471–492. Historical sketch of insights and applications provided by social science scholars on environmental governance, primarily 1950–2000. Encourages interdisciplinarity and greater attention to macro-structural relations.

Dunn, William S. "Ice Harvest." New York State Conservationist 59 (December 2004): 6–10. Describes Dunn's experiences and procedures for harvesting ice on Big Moose Lake in New York State during the late 1920s and early 1930s, for use in local hotels and icehouses.

Fausz, J. Frederick. "The Osage Indians: First Gateway to the West." Journal of the West 43 (Summer 2004): 31–38. Examines the several months spent by the Lewis and Clark expedition in and around St. Louis during the winter of 1804–1805. Argues that their encounter with the Osage Indian culture in the "Near West" provided essential information about the human landscape of the Louisiana Purchase Territory, laying the groundwork for the Corps of Discovery in the "Far West."

Fink, Marc. "Logging After Wildfire: Salvaging Economic Value or Mugging a Burn Victim?" Journal of Environmental Law and Litigation 19 (Spring 2004): 193–215. Examines the USDA Forest Service's focus on wildfires in national forests, in particular its practice of following severe wildfires with post-fire logging projects, which has resulted in increased litigation. Addresses some common themes and issues that have emerged in post-fire cases during the 1990s.

Fisher, Andrew H. "Tangled Nets: Treaty Rights and Tribal Identities at Celilo Falls." Oregon Historical Quarterly 105 (Summer 2004): 178–211. Explores the tensions over fishing rights between Columbia River Indians and white settlers in the area of Celilo Falls, Oregon, from the mid-nineteenth century through the 1940s. Illustrates how contested notions of race and indigenous identity shaped the controversy over Northwest Indian fishing rights, emphasizing the notion that treaty rights could divide as well as unite Native people.

Flores, Dan. "Twenty Years On: Thoughts on Changes in the Land: Indians, Colonists, and the Ecology of New England." Agricultural History 78 (Fall 2004): 493–496. Assessment of William Cronon's famous 1983 book Changes in the Land, on the 20th anniversary of its publication. Concludes that the book has held up remarkably over time and continues to serve as a model for scholars of environmental history.

Friday, Chris. "Chief Lelooska: The Evolution of an Artist." Oregon Historical Quarterly 105 (Summer 2004): 212–237. Biographical sketch of Don Lelooska Smith (1933–1996), Native American artist and storyteller from Ariel, Washington. Focuses on examining Lelooska's art, woodcarving and painting, as it developed over time and contributed to the rising popularity of Northwest Coast Indian art during the late 20th century.

Frost, Warwick. "Australia Unlimited?: Environmental Debate in the Age of Catastrophe, 1910–1939." Environment and History 10 (August 2004): 285–303. Contests the common argument that environmental debate was stifled in Australia during the period between the First and Second World Wars due to social, political and economic pressures. Argues that there was in fact debate, providing evidence of a wide range of environmental concerns, especially over the development of National Parks.

Gaumnitz, Lisa. "Shoreside Sentinels." Wisconsin Natural Resources 29 (February 2005): 22–28. Reports on a study by the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources into the decline in minnow-sized fish species in Wisconsin waters as a result of shoreline development. Compares results from 1970s surveys with those conducted in 2004.

Gautam, Ambika P., and Ganesh P. Shivakoti. "Conditions for Successful Local Collective Action in Forestry: Some Evidence From the Hills of Nepal." Society and Natural Resources 18 (February 2005): 153–171. In the context of early twenty-first century debate over the sustainable management of common pool resources, examines the role played by local institutions in determining the conditions of two forests located in the Middle Hills of Nepal. Using Ostrom's (1990) design principles for communities, finds that the two forests are at different levels of historical degradation and condition, and that the differences are explained by the structure of the local institutions governing them.

Gedicks, Al. "Liberation Sociology and Advocacy for the Sokaogon Ojibwe." Organization & Environment 17 (December 2004): 449–470. Wisconsin case study addressing the effects of nongovernmental environmental advocacy organizations in conflicts between Native peoples and mining and oil corporations. The author's involvement with the Sokaogon Ojibwe since 1976 is used to reflect on the role of the social scientist as advocate on behalf of Native peoples.

Gillespie, Rosemary G. "The Ecology and Evolution of Hawaiian Spider Communities." American Scientist 93 (March–April 2005): 122–131. Studies spiders of the Hawaiian Islands to test and reconcile ecological and evolutionary theories of species community assembly over evolutionary time scales. Encourages biologists to look at time and history in the study of community composition.

Giltmeier, James W. "A Short Chronological History of State and Private Forestry." History Line (Summer 2004): 19–35. Describes key eras and events, 1781 to 2004, that led to the cooperative approach of the Forest Service's State and Private Forestry programs. Based on A Federal Commitment to Forest Conservation on Private Lands, prepared by James Giltmeier and updated by the People of State and Private Forestry.

Graham, Frank, Jr. "Where It All Began." Audubon 106 (November–December 2004): 62–69. Overview of Mill Grove, the estate in eastern Pennsylvania where John James Audubon settled in 1803 upon his arrival from France. Traces the property's history, Audubon's association with it, and its 2004 status as a national historic landmark and home of the Audubon Center at Mill Grove, which interprets Audubon's home and artistry for the public.

Green, David W., et al. "ASTM Committee D-7: Wood: Promoting Safety and Standardization for 100 Years." Forest Products 54 (September 2004): 8–18. Overview of the history and functions of the Committee D-7 on Wood of the American Society for Testing and Materials, which promotes the safe and efficient use of wood as a building material in the United States, on the occasion of the 100th anniversary of its founding in 1904.

Gregg, Sara M. "Uncovering the Subsistence Economy in the Twentieth-Century South." Agricultural History 78 (Fall 2004): 417–437. Analyzes the agricultural patterns within five Blue Ridge Mountain hollows and the economics of subsistence farming in the early twentieth century. Part of a larger project that studies the transition from small farms to publicly owned forests in Appalachia.

Griffin, Donald W. "The Hennepin Canal: Freight Regulation by Competition." Journal of llinois History 7 (Spring 2004): 37–60. Historical overview from the 1830s to the 1940s of reasons behind the construction and eventual failure of the Hennepin Canal. The Canal connected the upper Illinois and Mississippi Rivers and was designed as an all-water route to Lake Michigan and the Atlantic seaboard.

Groening, Gert, and Joachim Wolschke-Bulmahn. "The Native Plant Enthusiasm: Ecological Panacea or Xenophobia?" Landscape Research 28 (January 2003): 75–88. Explores the ideology behind enthusiasm for native plants and rejection of exotic plants in twentieth century garden and landscape design, using examples from the United States and Germany.

Grossholtz, Jean. "The Cotton Campaign Brought to you by Diverse Women for Diversity." Capitalism Nature Socialism 15 (December 2004): 81–87. Describes Diverse Women for Diversity (DWD)'s Cotton Campaign to liberate the cotton industry in Africa, Asia and Latin America from forced trade, to be launched in 2005. Includes a brief political history of cotton from 5000 B.C. up through the 2003 World Trade Organization's Fifth Ministerial Meeting.

Harnik, Peter. "Renewing the Source." Landscape Architecture 94 (August 2004): 116–125. The ongoing process of redesigning San Pedro Springs Park in San Antonio, Tex., one of the nation's oldest parks, created a forum for cooperation between local citizens and city officials during the 1980s and 1990s.

Harter, John-Henry. "Environmental Justice for Whom? Class, New Social Movements, and the Environment: A Case Study of Greenpeace Canada, 1971–2000." Labour/Le Travail 54 (Fall 2004): 83–119. Discusses the organizational structure, personnel, membership, environmental activism, and class origins of the leadership of Greenpeace Canada during the late twentieth century. Focuses especially on the environmental organization's fight to protect British Columbia forests from logging and its activism against seal hunting.

Heckenkamp, Andrew. "A Lode of Natural History: The Mazon Creek Fossil Beds." Historic Illinois 27 (August 2004): 10–11. Brief history of the Mazon Creek Fossil Beds near Morris, Illinois, discovered in 1857.

Heilman, Ed. "Ground Return Telephones—Down-to-Earth Practicality." History Line (Summer 2004): 43–47. Describes the development of ground return communication systems in the United States during the nineteenth century, and their adoption and implementation by the USDA Forest Service in the early twentieth century. See also articles by same title in the May 1997 and August 1997 issues of the National Forest Service Museum Newsletter.

Hicks, Scott. "'Thank God, People Have Got to Blow Their Noses and Wipe Their Hands and Faces and Wipe Their Mouths': The Monstrosity of Paper Goods in Ann Petry's The Street." ISLE [Interdisciplinary Studies in Literature and Environment] 11.2 (Summer 2004): 25–41. Takes an ecocritical approach to Ann Petry's 1946 novel of social realism, The Street, arguing that Petry uses the image of paper to link racial, class, and gender discrimination with the devastation of the environment.

Hitchcock, Ann. "The National Park Service Museums Centennial, 1904–2004." History News 59 (Autumn 2004): 12–16. Overview of National Park Service museums on the centennial of their earliest appearance in 1904, highlighting the strong association with place that continues to characterize park museums and collections.

Hubbell, Stephen P. "Two Decades of Research on the BCI Forest Dynamics Plot: Where We Have Been and Where We Are Going." In Tropical Forest Diversity and Dynamism: Findings from a Large-Scale Plot Network, edited by Elizabeth C. Losos and Egbert G. Leigh, Jr. Chicago, Ill.: University of Chicago Press, 2004. 8–30 pp. Historical overview of the forestry research plot established in the 1980s at Barro Colorado Island (BCI) in Panama. Discusses the growth of a worldwide network of tropical Forest Dynamics Plots coordinated by the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute's Center for Tropical Forest Science.

Huber, Gregory D. "Behind the Threshing Doors: An Inside Look at Some of the Earliest Barns in Pennsylvania." Material Culture 36 (Fall 2004): 22–55. Survey of Pennsylvania's eighteenth-century barns, with particular attention paid to the Ground barn on the Abiah Taylor homestead in East Bedford, Chester County. Argues for increased study of early barns as evidence of the aspirations of farming families.

Hudis, Peter. "Dialectical Perspectives: Marx Among the Muslims." Capitalism Nature Socialism 15 (December 2004): 51–67. Includes a section on Karl Marx's writings on Islam, North Africa, and India during the second half of the nineteenth century, in particular his 1879 "Notebooks on Kovalevsky." Argues that Marx embraced native communal land ownership, if critically, and viewed imperialist intrusion into the Third World as regressive rather than progressive. Attempts to apply these ideas to the early twenty-first century crisis of imperialist war and terrorism.

Hughes, J. Donald. "Ripples in Clio's Pond: Social Structure and Environmental Impact in the Roman Empire." Capitalism Nature Socialism 15 (September 2004): 29–35. Explores how the Roman Empire's social and economic structures, from its founding through the middle of the 3rd century, caused environmental change and depletion of natural resources, which in turn encouraged rapid population decline.

Hundley Jr., Norris. "Water and the West in Historical Imagination: Part Two-A Decade Later." The Historian 66 (Fall 2004): 455–490. Literature review of developments in historical scholarship between 1996 and 2004 on water, aridity, and the American West; a follow-up to Hundley's 1996 article on the subject.

Izakson, Orna. "Forest? Or Trees?: Forest Service Leadership as Seen From the Ranks." Forest Magazine (Fall 2004): 14–19. On the occasion of the 2004 Presidential election, discusses U.S. Forest Service employees' views of the increasingly political nature of the agency's leadership appointments since President Clinton's promotion of Jack Ward Thomas to chief in 1993. Includes interviews with a variety of Forest Service employees.

Johns, Larry H. "Stillwater: The Birth Place of Minnesota." The Northern Logger and Timber Processor 53 (September 2004): 12–13, 36–43. Describes the establishment and development of logging, rafting, and milling operations at Stillwater on the St. Croix River from 1837 to the early 20th century.

Jones, Hazel. "Diary of a Fishing Trip." Idaho Yesterdays 46 (Winter 2005): 32–43. Rare personal account of an early (1916) automobile camping/fishing trip taken by the Johannesen party near Rupert, Idaho.

Jones-Imhotep, Edward. "Nature, Technology, and Nation." Journal of Canadian Studies 38 (Fall 2004): 5–36. Explores early Cold War-era attempts of the Canadian government's Radio Physics Laboratory (RPL), a small research facility in Ottawa with roots in wartime code-breaking and counterintelligence, to link shortwave radio disruptions to the unique geophysical phenomena of the Canadian North, particularly the northern lights. Explores how the RPL used nature and technology interconnectedly to assert territorial and cognitive control over the region, as a means of defining the nation.

Juuti, Petri S. "Water and City—Environmental History of Water and Sanitation Services in Tampere, Finland, 1835–1921." In From a Few to All: Long-term Develpment of Water and Environmental Services in Finland, edited by Petri S. Juuti and Tapio S. Katko. [Pieksämäki, Finland]: KehräMedia Inc., 2004. 71–92 pp. Based on the author's 2001 doctoral dissertation. discusses water quality, pollution control, and technological aspects of water distribution and waste management in this Finnish city.

Juuti, Petri S., and Tapio S. Katko. "From Polluted to Swimmable Waters—Tampere City Water and Sewage Works, 1835–1998." In From a Few to All: Long-term Develpment of Water and Environmental Services in Finland, edited by Petri S. Juuti and Tapio S. Katko. [Pieksämäki, Finland]: KehräMedia Inc., 2004. 57–70 pp. Reprinted with permission from article by same title in Water International 24 (No. 3, 1999): 204–210. Examines technological and political aspects of water supply systems, waste treatment systems, and water pollution control measures in the city of Tampere, Finland.

Juuti, Petri S., and Tapio S. Katko. "Water Naturally: Water Supply and Sanitation in Kangasala, 1800–2000." In From a Few to All: Long-term Develpment of Water and Environmental Services in Finland, edited by Petri S. Juuti and Tapio S. Katko. [Pieksämäki, Finland]: KehräMedia Inc., 2004. 115–126 pp. On the evolution of water supply and sanitation services in the municipality of Kangasala in Finland over two centuries.

Juuti, Petri S., Tapio S. Katko, and Riikka P. Rajala. "For the Environment and Helt [sic]—History of Water and Sanitation Services in Porvoo, Finland." In From a Few to All: Long-term Develpment of Water and Environmental Services in Finland, edited by Petri S. Juuti and Tapio S. Katko. [Pieksämäki, Finland]: KehräMedia Inc., 2004. 93–114 pp. Article modified from a summary chapter "For the Environment and Health—History of Water and Sanitation Services in Porvoo, Finland" in the 2003 book Aqua Borgoensis—lähteet kertovat, källorna berättar. Porvoo Water Works 1913–2003, edited by P. Juuti, R. Rajala, and T. Katko. Focuses on the history of the Porvoo City Water Works and economic aspects of water supply, sanitation, water pollution control, and sewage management in Porvoo, Finland.

Levy, Sharon. "Fires Down Under." OnEarth 26 (Winter 2005): 14–21. Explores traditional Aboriginal forest burning practices in Australia's Northern Territory, from late 18th century to early twenty-first century practices. Argues for the potential usefulness of controlled burning, as was practiced by Native Americans before European contact, for fire prevention and forest regeneration in the American West.

Lowe, Heather, ed. "Focus On Education: A History of Papermaking." Forest Focus 28 (Summer 2004): 2–5. First in a series of articles examining the history, manufacture, and use of paper throughout the world; this article covers the period from 4000 B. C. through the 17th century. Adapted from materials provided by the Robert C. Williams American Museum of Papermaking at the Institute of Paper Science and Technology.

Lowe, Heather, ed. "Focus On Education: A History of Papermaking." Forest Focus 28 (Fall 2004): 2–5. Second in a series of articles examining the history, manufacture and use of paper throughout the world; this article covers the development of papermaking in the American colonies. Adapted from materials provided by the Robert C. Williams American Museum of Papermaking at the Institute of Paper Science and Technology.

Kargon, Robert, and Arthur Molella. "The City as Communications Net: Norbert Wiener, the Atomic Bomb, and Urban Dispersal." Technology and Culture 45 (October 2004): 764–777. Examines a 1950 manuscript by MIT mathematician Norbert Wiener, concerning the redesign of American cities to make them less vulnerable to atomic bomb attack, as a window into contemporary urban planners' and scientists' reactions to atomic power.

Katko, Tapio S. "Long-term Development of Water and Sewage Services in Finland." In From a Few to All: Long-term Develpment of Water and Environmental Services in Finland, edited by Petri S. Juuti and Tapio S. Katko. [Pieksämäki, Finland]: KehräMedia Inc., 2004. 17–36 pp. Reprinted with permission from article by same title in Public Works Management & policy 4 (No. 4, 2000): 305–318. On the evolution or urban and rural water supply and sanitation in Finland since the mid-nineteenth century.

Katko, Tapio S., Petri S. Juuti, and Jarmo J. Hukka. "An Early Attempt to Privatize—Any Lessons Learnt?" In From a Few to All: Long-term Develpment of Water and Environmental Services in Finland, edited by Petri S. Juuti and Tapio S. Katko. [Pieksämäki, Finland]: KehräMedia Inc., 2004. 36–45 pp. Reprinted with permission from "An Early Attempt to Privatise—Any Lessons Learnt?" in Water International 27 (No. 2, 2002): 294–297. Case study of a proposal made by industrialist William von Nottbeck (1816–1890) in the 1860s to build with private funds a water supply system for the city of Tampere, Finland.

Katko, Tapio S., Antero A. O. Luonsi, and Petri S. Juuti. "Water Pollution Control and Strategies in Finnish Forest Industries in the 20th Century." In From a Few to All: Long-term Develpment of Water and Environmental Services in Finland, edited by Petri S. Juuti and Tapio S. Katko. [Pieksämäki, Finland]: KehräMedia Inc., 2004. 129–149 pp. Examines water utilization by Finnish forest industries, especially the pulp and paper industry; forest industry operations' impact on water quality; and industry efforts to control water pollution.

Katko, Tapio S., and Henry Nygård. "Views on the History of Water, Wastewater and Solid Waste Services." In From a Few to All: Long-term Develpment of Water and Environmental Services in Finland, edited by Petri S. Juuti and Tapio S. Katko. [Pieksämäki, Finland]: KehräMedia Inc., 2004. 47–54 pp. Reprinted with permission from "Views of Research on the Evoltuion of Water, Wastwater and Solidy Waste Services" in Tekniikan Waiheita 18 (No. 4, 2000): 14–19. Reviews research into solid waste management in Finland since the mid-nineteenth century from a "history of technology" perspective.

Keeler, Nancy J. "Soaring Above 'This School in the Clouds'." Pennsylvania Heritage 30 (Summer 2004): 24–35. Historical overview of the transition from shooting stand to sanctuary at Hawk Mountain, Berks and Schuylkill Counties, Pennsylvania, on the occasion of the 70th anniversary of the sanctuary's founding in 1934. Describes early twentieth-century practices of slaughtering hawks, the conservation efforts of activists like Richard Hooper Pough (1904–2003) and Rosalie Barrow Edge (1877–1962), and the sanctuary's early twenty-first century status as the largest and oldest membership-supported raptor conservation organization in the world.

Keeling, Arn. "Sink or Swim: Water Pollution and Environmental Politics in Vancouver, 1889–1975." BC Studies (Summer/Autumn 2004): 69–101. Examines sewerage development in Vancouver, British Columbia. Explains how urban water pollution was a source of political and social conflict as well as a product of historic decisions about sewage disposal, changing social values, and environmental conditions during the years 1889 to 1975.

Kendall, Linda. "Death of a Community." BC Studies (Summer/Autumn 2004): 153–160. Kendall's recollections and poetry about the destruction of her childhood neighborhood, the West Arrow Park community in the Arrow Lakes Valley, British Columbia, by the British Columbia Hydro and Power Authority in the late 1960s.

Kirby, Peter Wynn. "Getting Engaged: Pollution, Toxic Illness, and Discursive Shift in a Tokyo Community." In Confronting Environments: Local Understanding in a Globalizing World, edited by James G. Carrier. Walnut Creek, Calif.: AltaMira Press, 2004. 97–117 pp. Examines local reactions to extreme toxic illness and ecological defilement in western Tokyo in the 1990s. Explores the tension in twentieth-century Japan between prevalent natural-cultural ideas and increasing development, urbanization, and pollution.

Klingener, Nancy. "More Than Just a Pretty Shell." Blueplanet Quarterly 4 (Summer 2004): 20–25. Describes the role of queen conch (Strombus gigas) in ocean ecosystems, decimation of the species by human activities primarily since the 1960s, and ongoing recovery efforts as a case study for managing ocean resources.

Klingle, Matthew W. "Spaces of Consumption in Environmental History." History and Theory 42 (December 2003): 94–110. Argues against the split between materialist and cultural analyses of consumption within the field of environmental history. Suggests that by borrowing spatial techniques from geography and ecology, environmental historians can connect material and cultural change, find new paths of inquiry, and help foster more radical and democratic forms of environmentalism.

Lang, William L. "Describing a New Environment: Lewis and Clark and Enlightenment Science in the Columbia River Basin." Oregon Historical Quarterly 105 (Fall 2004): 360–389. Highlights scientific aspects of Lewis and Clark's 1804–1806 expedition, how they reflected Enlightenment-era principles, and the potential of the resulting data for understanding the Columbia River Basin environment as it was at the time.

Lang, William L. "Dissecting the Columbia: An Introduction." Oregon Historical Quarterly 105 (Fall 2004): 354–359. Introduction by the guest editor, to a special issue on "Dissecting the Columbia: Lewis and Clark West of the Divide" summarizing articles' examination of the explorers' early nineteenth-century expeditions, and how the landscape has changed since that time, as central to a modern understanding of the Columbia River Basin region.

Leonard, Bruce. "Returning the Land to the Giants." National Parks 79 (Winter 2005): 18–23. On the removal of buildings, parking lots, and power lines in Sequoia National Park to protect the trees in Giant Grove. Includes a history of human interaction with the giant sequoias from European settlers' first contact with them in 1856 up through ongoing restoration efforts, which began in earnest in the 1970s.

Lewis, G. Malcolm. "First Nations Mapmaking in the Great Lakes Region in Intercultural Contexts: A Historical Review." Michigan Historical Review 30 (Fall 2004): 1–34. Examines mapmaking efforts of First Nations peoples in the Great Lakes region from the time of earliest European contact in the 16th century up through the end of the 20th century, emphasizing the ways in which intercultural contact has affected indigenous spatial representation.

Lewis, Kenneth E. "Mapping Antebellum Euro-American Settlement Spread in Southern Lower Michigan." The Michigan Historical Review 30 (Fall 2004): 105–134. Uses post-office locations as a tool for examining settlement patterns in Southern Lower Michigan during the first half of the nineteenth century.

Loo, Tina. "People in the Way: Modernity, Environment, and Society in the Arrow Lakes." BC Studies (Summer/Autumn 2004): 161–196. Examines competing ideologies of modernity at work in the hydroelectric development of the Arrow Lakes region of British Columbia during the 1960s.

Low, Jim. "The Genesis of Conservation in Missouri." Missouri Conservationist 66 (January 2005): 12–17. Historical overview of the Conservation Federation of Missouri, which was founded in 1935 and went on to become one of the nation's top conservation programs, due in part to its non-political structure. In 2004, the Federation functions as a government watchdog and sponsors successful citizen-action programs.

Lyon-Jenness, Cheryl. "Picturing Progress: Assessing the Nineteenth-Century Atlas-Map Bonanza." The Michigan Historical Review 30 (Fall 2004): 167–210. Explores the production and popularity of combination atlas-maps in late nineteenth-century southeastern Michigan within the context of midwestern rural culture, as a demonstration of post-Civil War tension between progress and traditional social values.

MacDonald, Kenneth Iain. "Developing 'Nature': Global Ecology and the Politics of Conservation in Northern Pakistan." In Confronting Environments: Local Understanding in a Globalizing World, edited by James G. Carrier. Walnut Creek, CA: AltaMira Press, 2004. 71–96 pp. Examines interactions between environmental groups and local people in the village of Hushe in the Balistan region of Northern Pakistan. The ibex, native to the area and traditionally hunted by locals, has since 1996 been the focus of conservation efforts by organizations like IUCN—The World Conservation Union, leading to complexity in power relationships and disputes involving competing ideologies of nature. Provides a brief history of the village and its people back 2,000 years.

MacDonald, Scott. "Toward an Eco-Cinema." ISLE [Interdisciplinary Studies in Literature and Environment] 11.2 (Summer 2004): 107–132. Explores the evolution from the 1970s through 2004 of a tradition of American noncommercial filmmaking that uses technology to create the illusion of preserving nature, and of being immersed in the natural world.

Machlis, Gary E., and Jean E. McKendry. "The State of the CESU Network." George Wright Forum 21 (September 2004): 24–40. Overview, evaluation, and future challenges of the Cooperative Ecosystem Studies Units (CESU) Network, founded in 1999 to further science-related goals of high quality and cost-effective research and scholarship. CESUs partner with universities and other institutions and are organized around biogeoraphic regions.

Macleod, Donald. "Selling Space: Power and Resource Allocation in a Caribbean Coastal Community." In Confronting Environments: Local Understanding in a Globalizing World, edited by James G. Carrier. Walnut Creek, CA: AltaMira Press, 2004. 31–48 pp. Examines environmental change in the area surrounding the village of Bayahibe in the Dominican Repulic, primarily from the 1970s through 2000. Explores the power relationships at work in tourism activities, and how the appearance of tourism affected villagers' expectations and the meanings concerning their surroundings.

Maohong, Bao. "Environmental History in China." Environment and History 10 (November 2004): 475–500. Details the rise, main topics, methods, and problems of environmental history study in China in the late 1990s and early 2000s.

Mark, Stephen R. "Closing Down the Commons: Conflict Between Sheep Grazing and Forestry in Oregon's Cascade Range, 1865–1915." Journal of the Shaw Historical Library 18 (2004): 63–74. Discusses early tension between sheep interests and the establishment of national forests in Oregon's Cascade Range during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Argues that the sheep industry played an important role in defining the role of government and the symbolism of national forests to Americans.

Marshall, Patricia, et al. "Democracy & Dissent: 100 Years of Whistle Blowing." Forest Magazine n.v. (Winter 2005): 14–34. Highlights the beliefs and actions of Gifford Pinchot (1865–1946), Bob Marshall (1901–1939), Raphael Zon (18741956), Aldo Leopold (1886–1948), and others who worked for the United States Forest Service and dared to take a dissenting stand against the agency.

Matkin-Rawn, Story. "Afield with Ranger Mac: Conservation Education and School Radio during the Great Depression." Wisconsin Magazine of History 88 (Autumn 2004): 2–15. Describes the University of Wisconsin WSA (Wisconsin School of the Air) popular radio program Afield with Ranger Mac, featuring Wakelin McNeel. The show encouraged Wisconsin schoolchildren's appreciation of nature and ran from 1931 through the early 1950s.

McNeill, J. R. "Observations on the Nature and Culture of Environmental History." History and Theory 42 (December 2003): 5–43. Considers the field of environmental history as a whole, as it stands in the early twenty-first century and as it has developed over the previous 25 years. Traces the precursors to the field and its emergence since the 1970s, its relationship to related disciplines and to social theory and the natural sciences, and speculates about its future as an established area of study.

Miller-Rushing, Abraham J., et al. "Herbarium Specimens as a Novel Tool for Climate Change Research." Arnoldia 63 (2 2004): 26–32. Summarizes a 20022003 study that used herbarium collections of the Arnold Arboretum in Massachusetts and historical data on flowering times (1880s–2000s) to measure the effects of global climate change.

Milton, Kay. "A Changing Sense of Place: Direct Action and Environmental Protest in the U.K." In Confronting Environments: Local Understanding in a Globalizing World, edited by James G. Carrier. Walnut Creek, CA: AltaMira Press, 2004. 165–182 pp. Explores the 1990s transformation of environmentalism in the United Kingdom, through direct action, from a largely local concern to a national movement. Considers changes in sense of place and attachment to place during this transition.

Morra, Linda. "'Like Rain Drops Rolling Down New Paint': Chinese Immigrants and the Problem of National Identity in the Work of Emily Carr." American Review of Canadian Studies 34 (Autumn 2004): 415–438. A critical investigation of how the Chinese, and one Chinese artist in particular, Lee Nan, figure into the writings of Canadian artist and author Emily Carr (18711945). Argues that Carr consistently perceived the Chinese in Canada as excluded from the definition of Canadian identity, thus contributing to the racialization of British Columbia's Chinese population.

Murton, James. "What J. W. Clark Saw in British Columbia, or, Nature and the Machine: A Photo Essay." BC Studies (Summer/Autumn 2004): 129–152. Lantern slide lectures delivered by John William Clark of British Columbia's Ministry of Lands in the early 20th century used photography to construct a way of seeing British Columbia in which irrigation and hydroelectric development were natural and positive interactions with the existing environment.

Nash, Roderick Frazier. "Mission Statements: Celebrating Wilderness in 2004." George Wright Forum 21 (September 2004): 6–8. Call for renewed appreciation and respect for nature on the occasion of the 40th anniversary of the 1964 Wilderness Act and the creation of the National Wilderness Preservation System.

National Association of State Foresters Washington Update. "Smokey Bear: Sixty Years of Vigilance." National Association of State Foresters Washington Update 20 (August 2004): 1, 3, 9. Historical sketch of use of the Smokey Bear mascot, on the occasion of the 60th anniversary of his creation in 1944.

Neil, J. M. "1890–1917 Boise Gets Julia Davis Park." Idaho Yesterdays 46 (Winter 2005): 44–57. Account of the process of founding Julia Davis Park and the larger issue of recreational space in Boise, Idaho, between 1890 and 1917.

Nuwer, Deanne Stephens. "'The Biloxi Fishermen Are Killing the Goose that Laid the Golden Egg': The Seafood Strike of 1932." Journal of Mississippi History 66 (Winter 2004): 325–352. Describes the history of the seafood industry of Biloxi, Mississippi from the 1890s through the 1930s, in particular the events surrounding the 1932 strike of Biloxi shrimpers.

O'Connor, Jim E. "The Evolving Landscape of the Columbia River Gorge: Lewis and Clark and Cataclysms on the Columbia." Oregon Historical Quarterly 105 (Fall 2004): 390–421. Explores human-caused changes to the Columbia River Gorge since Lewis and Clark's 1804–1806 expedition alongside the gorge's history of geologic upheaval, emphasizing the ever-changing nature of the landscape.

Osland, Barbara. "Alpine Milk: Dairy Farming as a Pre-modern Strategy of Land Use." Environment and History 10 (August 2004): 327–364. Introduces the premodern Alpine dairy farming as a case study which illustrates the changing relations between natural resources, economic interests and cultural values. Argues that in premodern times food production reflected much more a connection with place.

Oslund, Karen. "'Nature in League With Man': Conceptualising and Transforming the Natural World in Eighteenth-Century Scandinavia." Enivonment and History 10 (August 2004): 305–326. Examines a series of projects and discussions about the need for technological improvement and agricultural reform in Iceland during the eighteenth century. Argues that while the Danish Enlightenment elite sought to redefine Icelandic and Northern nature, this was one of the first times Icelanders sought to establish themselves as authorities about conditions in their country.

Palmer, Bruce. "Missouri's First Botanists." Missouri Conservationist 66 (January 2005): 22–27. Describes William Clark's and Meriwether Lewis' efforts to record Missouri's plant species on their 1804–1806 expedition.

Parminter, John, and Don Carson. "The Cowichan Lake Research Station Turns 75." British Columbia Forest History Newsletter 74 (August 2004): 2–3. Historical sketch of the British Columbia Forest Service's flagship coastal research facility, on the occasion of the 75th anniversary of its founding in 1929.

Pauly, Philip J. "Horticulture and the Development of American Identity." Arnoldia 63 (2 2004): 8–17. Focusing on elm and grape culture, argues that the primary meaning of cultural identity in nineteenth-century America was largely concerned with activities now considered parts of biotechnology.

Pearce, Margaret Wickens. "The Holes in the Grid: Reservation Surveys in Lower Michigan." The Michigan Historical Review 30 (Fall 2004): 135–166. Explores the mapping of tribal reservation boundaries in lower Michigan as the result of various early nineteenth-century treaties. Examines strategies employed by Native and non-Native peoples to protect their own interests, and the impacts on maps created of the region.

Pedersen, Lyman C. "Two Summers on the Salmon." Idaho Yesterdays 46 (Winter 2005): 7–13. Pedersen's recollections of his experiences as a forest ranger on Idaho's Salmon River in 1952–1953.

Penz, Peter. "Dams, Guns and Refugees." Alternatives 30 (September/October 2004): 8–12. Examines the displacement of rural populations from the 1940s through 2004 in places like Bangladesh and Sudan, due to irresponsible development and environmental degradation. Discusses ways to avoid these situations and to deal with resulting refugees, whose status is not covered by the Geneva conventions.

Pickard, John. "Post and Rail Fences: Derivation, Development, and Demise of Rural Technology in Colonial Australia." Agricultural History 79 (Winter 2005): 27–49. Traces the introduction and use of post and rail fences in the Australian colonies in the late eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, their decline after 1900, and their reemergence in the early 21st century as iconic symbols of rural Australia.

Plieninger, Tobias, and Andreas Reinbolz. "Landscape-Level Conservation." Rangelands 26 (December 2004): 16–23. A case study of changes to common rangelands in Germany's Southern Black Forest, 1970s through 1990s.

Plotkin, Steven. "Is Bigger Better?: Moving Toward a Dispassionate View of SUVs." Environment 46 (November 2004): 8–21. Argues that fuel economy, safety, and emissions concerns over Sport Utility Vehicles do not justify the environmental community's use of them as a lightning rod for criticism. Traces trends in fuel economy and emissions from the 1970s to the 2000s, arguing that the shift to SUVs is part of a wider trend dictating that bigger equals better. Encourages a focus on greater efficiency and promoting smaller vehicles to the American public.

Poulter, Gillian. "Montreal and Its Environs: Imagining a National Landscape, c. 1867–1885." Journal of Canadian Studies 38 (Fall 2004): 69–100. Explores the role played by the landscape of the city of Montreal, Canada, and its rural environs in allowing urban Victorian colonists to invent for themselves a new indigenous British-Canadian identity.

Price, Jeannette. "40 Years of Job Corps." National Museum of Forest Service History 15 (August 2004): 4–4. Brief overview of the history and activities of the United States Forest Service Job Corps Civilian Conservation Centers program, on the occasion of the 40th anniversary of its founding in 1964.

Price, Jennifer. "Hats Off to Audubon." Audubon 106 (November–December 2004): 44–50. Describes the founding, largely by women, of numerous Audubon Societies in the United States during the 1890s to combat the use of feathers and birds for women's hats and advocate bird protection. The issue galvanized the American public and represented a shift in Americans' views toward nature. Adapted from "When Women Were Women, Men Were Men, and Birds Were Hats," in Flight Maps: Adventures with Nature in Modern America, by Jennifer Price.

Quinlan, Dick. "The Menominee Bay Shore Lumber Co.: 'The Big Red Mill'." Chips and Sawdust 29 (Summer 2004): 3–9. Overview and history of the Menominee Bay Shore Lumber Company of Menominee, Michigan and Soperton, Wisconsin, from its incorporation in 1881 through the 1940s.

Quinn, Norman W. S. "The Presettlement Hardwood Forests and Wildlife of Algonquin Provincial Park: A Synthesis of Historic Evidence and Recent Research." Forestry Chronicle 80 (November/December 2004): 705–717. The hypothetical structure and composition of the presettlement tolerant hardwood forests of Algonquin Provincial Park, established in 1893, are contrasted with early twenty-first century conditions, primarily via a review of historic literature and recent research. Argues that while the presettlement wildlife community was probably more diverse, any changes over time are not fundamental.

Ray, Carol, and Rebecca Timmons. "Sophie's Cabin: A Work in Progress." History Line (Summer 2004): 55–55. Brief biographical sketch of Sophie Morigeau (1835–1916), trader, rancher, bootlegger, and local legend of Montana's Kootenai National Forest, whose cabin is the subject of ongoing Forest Service archaeological excavations.

Reiger, John F. "An Inspiration to Us All: The Boone and Crockett Club's Place in the History of American Conservation." Fair Chase 19 (Fall 2004): 50–57. Abridged version of an address by the author delivered to the Boone and Crockett Club at the National Press Club in Washington, D.C., on 11 December 2003. Discusses the role of George Bird Grinnell (1849–1938) and Theodore Roosevelt (1858–1919) in forming the Boone and Crockett Club in 1887 and the sportsmen's Club's significant influence on the development of the conservation movement during the United States in the late-nineteenth and early-twentieth centuries.

Rhude, Andreas Jordahl. "Structural Glued Laminated Timber and the Forest Service." History Line (Summer 2004): 37–40. Examines the progression of structural glued laminated timber from a one-person entrepreneurial endeavor led by Max Hanisch in 1934 to a commercially manufactured product, thanks to a unique cooperative project between private industry and government.

Robin, Libby, and Tom Griffiths. "Environmental History in Australasia." Environment and History 10 (November 2004): 439–474. Focuses on the strong role of science in shaping environmental history and policy in Australia and New Zealand, primarily during the 20th century and continuing into the 2000s.

Rollins, Peter C. "Tulsa (1949) as an Oil Field Film: A Study in Ecological Ambivalence." The Chronicles of Oklahoma 67 (Fall 2004): 352–367. Presents Walter Wanger's 1949 feature film Tulsa as reflective of a national consciousness split between enthusiasm for economic development and anxiety over despoiling virgin lands. Includes discussions of other "oil films," and of the dangers of industrialization as dealt with in art and literature back to the Romantic period. Reprinted from Texas Gulf Historical and Biographical Record, 37 (November 2001).

Ruhl, J. B. "Past, Present, and Future Trends of the Endangered Species Act." Public Land & Resources Law Review 25 (Spring 2004): 15–38. Overview of the history and key themes of the 1973 Endangered Species Act, with emphasis on the period from 1993–2003.

Russo, J. Elliott. "'Fifty-four Days Work of Two Negroes': Enslaved Labor in Colonial Somerset County, Maryland." Agricultural History 78 (Fall 2004): 466–492. Examines the use of enslaved labor in the diversified economy of Somerset County, Maryland during the early 18th century. Argues that scholars need to devote more attention to the characteristics of slavery in anomalous areas that exist within broad staple-producing regions.

Sachs, Aaron. "The Ultimate 'Other': Post-Colonialism and Alexander von Humboldt's Ecological Relationship with Nature." History and Theory 42 (December 2003): 111–135. Meditation on overlaps between environmentalism, postcolonial theory, and the practice of history, using the writings of explorer-scientist-abolitionist Alexander von Humboldt (1769–1859) as a case study. Attempts to defend Humboldt's reputation against recent postcolonial critics, arguing that his work could provide a basis for a healthy postcolonial environmentalism.

Sandilands, Catriona. "The Importance of Reading Queerly: Jewett's Deephaven as Feminist Ecology." ISLE [Interdisciplinary Studies in Literature and Environment] 11.2 (Summer 2004): 55–77. Explores themes of ecofeminism and rural-urban relationship in the work of writer Sarah Orne Jewett (1849–1909), particularly her 1849 Deephaven. Argues that when subjected to queer ecofeminist reading, the text reveals the importance of examining the historical and intersections between ecology, gender, and sexuality in literature.

Sarma, J. Suchitra. "The Circle of Existence and Interdependence: Ecopoetry of the Vedic 'Ksetra' or Field." ISLE [Interdisciplinary Studies in Literature and Environment] 11.2 (Summer 2004): 79–106. Examines portrayals of the agricultural field, or ksetra, in ancient Hindu Vedic hymns as representative of the harmonious relationship between humans and the natural environment in Vedic society. Argues that the study of Vedic texts can be used to restore similar ecological values.

Schatzki, Theodore R. "Nature and Technology in History." History and Theory 42 (December 2003): 82–93. Sketches an expanded theoretical conception of the roles of nature and technology in history. Argues that nature should not be considered separately from history and society, and that technology should be understood as a means through which social-natural history takes form.

Sheasby, Walt Contreras. "Ecological Marxism: Karl Marx and the Victorians' Nature: The Evolution of a Deeper View: Part Two: The Age of Aquaria." Capitalism Nature Socialism 15 (September 2004): 59–77. The second in a series of three papers on Karl Marx's encounter with the changing view of nature in the Victorian era; focuses on Charles Darwin's centrality to the evolution of an ecological synthesis.

Sherwonit, Bill. "A Warming Trend After a Chilly Reception." National Parks 79 (Winter 2005): 30–35. Charts the change in attitudes of local residents of Seward, Alaska, towards Kenai Fjords National Park. After staunchly opposing the proposed park in the 1970s, residents in 2004 embrace the park and its role in successfully transitioning Seward's economy from resource-extraction to tourism-based.

Simmons, I. G. "The World Scale." Environment and History 10 (November 2004): 531–535. Brief review of some of the major publications in environmental history at the global scale, primarily from the 1970s through the 2000s.

Smith, Edwin. "Public Reaction to the National Forests." Edited by Frank McKinney. National Museum of Forest Service History 15 (August 2004): 1, 6. Details Smith's experiences in the United States Forest Service as supervisor of the Eldorado National Forest, California, from 1920 to 1950, and his impressions of early public reaction to the Service. Excerpt from a Nov. 1952 memo written by Smith to George Frasier, from the Edwin Smith Collection.

Smyntyna, Olena V. "The Environmental Approach to Prehistoric Studies: Concepts and Theories." History and Theory 42 (December 2003): 44–59. Examines the main approaches to prehistoric environmental studies in the early twenty-first century, and the history of theories used in contemporary prehistory, archaeology, cultural anthropology, and other fields. Argues for the concept of "living space" as a way to address problems with interdisciplinary study of prehistoric societies.

Southerton, Don. "James R. Walker's Campaign against Tuberculosis on the Pine Ridge Indian Reservation." South Dakota History 34 (Summer 2004): 107–126. Overview of Indian Service physician James R. Walker's (1849–1926) efforts to combat tuberculosis among the Lakotas on the Pine Ridge Indian Reservation in South Dakota, during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Walker's work with traditional medicine men, collecting artifacts, and documenting rituals contributed valuable knowledge to the field of anthropology.

Spence, Mark. "Soyaapo and the Remaking of Lewis and Clark." Oregon Historical Quarterly 105 (Fall 2004): 482–499. Deals with ambiguities of the legacy of the Lewis and Clark 1804–1806 expedition in terms of bringing soyaapo ("civilization") to tribal precursors of the Nez Perce. Explores the remaking of Lewis and Clark's image as imperialist heroes at the 1905 centennial, bicentennial commemorations, and Native peoples' objections to celebrating the event that triggered the decline of indigenous cultures.

Speth, James Gustave. "America and the Crisis of the Global Environment." Renewable Resources Journal 22 (Autumn 2004): 6–10. Argues that the United States has done a poor job of managing such environmental problems as climate change, loss of biological diversity, deforestation, water shortages, invasive species, and pollution both at home and internationally during the late twentieth century. Urges individuals and governments to adopt more radical strategies for addressing such problems in the future. Excerpted from Speth's book Red Sky at Morning: America and the Crisis of the Global Environment (Yale University Press, 2004).

Spiller, James. "Radiant Cuisine: The Commercial Fate of Food Irradiation in the United States." Technology and Culture 45 (October 2004): 740–763. Overview of the history of food irradiation practices in the United States from the World War II era to the end of the 20th century, and speculation about its future commercial prospects.

Steffler, Margaret, and Neil Steffler. "'If We Would Read It Aright': Traill's 'Ladder to Heaven'." Journal of Canadian Studies 38 (Fall 2004): 123–152. Examines ways in which Catharine Parr Traill (1802–1899), a British author who wrote about life as a settler in Canada, reveals her personal, philosophical, cultural, social, and moral views through references to plants. Explores Traill's conflicted feelings over her position as a colonizing and colonized woman in the Canadian landscape.

Strecker, Trey. "Global Pillage: Self-Organized Criticality and the Emergence of Complexity in Bob Shacochis's Swimming in the Volcano." ISLE [Interdisciplinary Studies in Literature and Environment] 11.2 (Summer 2004): 133–159. Examines the narrative structure of Bob Shacochi's 1993 novel Swimming in the Volcano, arguing that it reflects the global processes of complex systems.

Stroud, Ellen. "Does Nature Always Matter? Following Dirt Through History." History and Theory 42 (December 2003): 75–81. Discusses how the field of environmental history, at the beginning of the twenty-first century, can become better incorporated into historical study as a whole. Suggests that historians should consider physical, biological, and ecological factors to achieve a better understanding of the past.

Sudbury, Ryan. "When Good Streams Go Dry: United States v. Adair and the Unprincipled Elimination of a Federal Forum for Treaty Reserved Rights." Public Land & Resources Law Review 25 (Spring 2004): 147–183. Overview and history of the United States v. Adair litigation, which began in 1975 and is ongoing, concerning tribal water and fishing rights in the Klamath Region of the Pacific Northwest. Deals with federal honoring of promises made in nineteenth-century treaty documents.

Tatham, David. "Winslow Homer and the Great Forest." Heritage 19 (2004): 10 19. Discusses Homer's (1836–1910) depictions of New York's Adirondack Mountains in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Adapted from "Winslow Homer: Masterworks from the Adirondacks," the exhibition catalogue for a 2004 exhibit of Homer's work at the Fenimore Art Museum.

Theodossopoulos, Dimitrios. "'Working in Nature,' 'Caring for Nature': Diverse Views of the Environment in the Context of an Environmental Dispute." In Confronting Environments: Local Understanding in a Globalizing World, edited by James G. Carrier. Walnut Creek, CA: AltaMira Press, 2004. 49–70 pp. Explores confrontation since the 1980s on the Greek island of Zakynthos between villagers engaged in the burgeoning tourist industry and conservationists attempting to protect the island's sea turtles. Takes an anthropological approach towards the diversity of environmental attitudes.

Thistle, John. "'As Free of Fish as a Billiard Ball is of Hair': Dealing with Depletion in the Pacific Halibut Fishery, 1899–1924." BC Studies (Summer/Autumn 2004): 105–125. Considers early twentieth-century efforts to understand and address the effects of fishing on Pacific halibut, examining the ways in which economic and political factors worked against a comprehensive management approach at the Pacific Halibut Fishery.

TimberLines. "Advances in Forestry 1900–1950, Part II: One Hundred Years of Progress." TimberLines 2 (Fall 2004): 18–21. Overview and timeline of advances in American forestry between 1900 and 1950; examines the emergence of "modern America" and the impact of man and machine on the nation's forests. Conclusion of a two-part series.

Toedtemeier, Terry N. "Focusing on the Columbia Gorge: Photography, Geology, and the Pioneer West." Oregon Historical Quarterly 105 (Fall 2004): 422–437. Highlights the role of photography, from the 1840s on, in depicting significant geological features that contribute to a vision of the Columbia River Gorge as Lewis and Clark would have seen it on their 1804–1806 expedition.

Truett, Samuel. "The Ghosts of Frontiers Past: Making and Unmaking Space in the Borderlands." Journal of the Southwest 46 (Summer 2004): 309–350. Examines the transition from colonial frontier to transnational borderland in Arizona and Sonora, from the 17th through the 19th century, as a means of exploring larger issues of frontier mythology and the significance of the frontier to borderlands history.

Vasile, Ronald S. "Cholera, Counterfeiters, and the California Gold Rush: Passenger Travel on the Illinois & Michigan Canal, 1848–1852." Journal of Illinois History 7 (Summer 2004): 125–154. Emphasizes the use of the Illinois & Michigan canal for passenger travel by packet boat in the years 1848–1852, and the role of the canal in wider national events, including the spread of cholera and the rise of Chicago as a national crossroads.

Vogel, Jennifer. "Wind: A Hard-Blowing History." E the Environmental Magazine 14 (January/February 2005): 30–30. Brief history, back to 5000 B.C., of human reliance on wind for travel and power.

Waite, Thornton. "The Promotion of Yellowstone National Park by the Union Pacific Railroad." Annals of Wyoming 76 (Autumn 2004): 2–12. Examines efforts by the Union Pacific Railroad to advertise and promote passenger rail travel to Yellowstone National park during the late 19th and early 20th centuries.

Walters, Jim. "An Evaluation of the National Park Service's Wilderness Program on the 40th Anniversary of the Wilderness Act." George Wright Forum 21 (September 2004): 9–15. Uses the two hundredth anniversary of the 1804–1806 Lewis and Clark expedition and the fortieth anniversary of the 1964 Wilderness Act as historic markers on how quickly the American wilderness disappeared, and the need for better management of the National Park Service's wilderness programs.

Walton, Brian K., and Conner Bailey. "Framing Wilderness: Populism and Cultural Heritage as Organizing Principles." Society and Natural Resources 18 (February 2005): 119–134. Examines efforts to broaden support for wilderness preservation in the southeastern United States, highlighting three Alabama organizations—Wild Alabama, WildLaw, and the Alabama Wilderness Alliance—that have attracted public support by framing wilderness in an emotional, populist manner, appealing to a sense of cultural connection to the land. Provides an overview of wilderness activism in Alabama from the 1960s through 2004.

Wegars, Priscilla. "World War II Kooskia Internment Camp." Idaho Yesterdays 46 (Winter 2005): 14–30. Overview of the Kooskia Internment Camp for Japanese-American "enemy aliens," established in northern Idaho in 1942 and closed in 1945. Includes personal accounts of daily life from internees, who worked on construction of the Lewis and Clark Highway.

Weisiger, Marsha. "The Origins of Navajo Pastoralism." Journal of the Southwest 46 (Summer 2004): 253–282. Traces the history of Navajo pastoralism and transhumance primarily during the 17th and 18th centuries. Argues that archaeological evidence uncovered during the last decades of the 20th century has allowed for a more nuanced understanding of the origins of the Navajo way of life, and that pastoralism allowed them to emerge as a distinct people.

West, Elliot, and Greg Ruark. "A Long, Long Time Ago..." Journal of Soil and Water Conservation 59 (September/October 2004): 104A–109A. Discusses how the use of historical evidence from the 19th century of riparian forests—those adjacent to streambanks or other water bodies—in the Great Plains can aid with restoration and management of these areas in the early 21st century. Argues that riparian zones, once significantly forested, experienced substantial decline during the mid to late 1800s due to human impacts, therefore, natural resource restoration efforts need to use pre-1834 scenarios to accurately depict their natural state.

White, Richard. "From Wilderness to Hybrid Landscapes: The Cultural Turn in Environmental History." The Historian 66 (Fall 2004): 557–564. Review of scholarly literature in environmental history which shows an increasing emphasis on the cultural and on hybrid landscapes in the late 1990s and early 2000s.

Whiteman, Gail. "The Impact of Economic Development in James Bay, Canada: The Cree Tallymen Speak Out." Organization & Environment 17 (December 2004): 425–448. Examines the impact on Cree tallymen, or senior hunters, of economic development in the James Bay region of northern Canada, primarily from 1970 to 2000. Draws implications for environmental impact assessments in the region and for future study of ecologically embedded grassroots managers.

Widder, Keith R. "The 1767 Maps of Robert Rogers and Jonathan Carver: A Proposal for the Establishment of the Colony of Michilimackinac." The Michigan Historical Review 30 (Fall 2004): 35–76. Using 1767 maps of the Michilimackinac region, near the western Great Lakes, explores how Major Robert Rogers and Captain Jonathan Carver used mapmaking to advance hidden political and colonial agendas.

Williams, Jerry. "Henry S. Graves: Second Chief of the Forest Service, 1910–20." History Line (Summer 2004): 16–18. Describes Henry S. Graves' 10-year stint as the second USDA Forest Service Chief from 1910 to 1920, stating that his tenure was characterized by stabilization of the national forests, the successful launching of a national forestry policy, purchase of lands that would become new Eastern national forests, and strengthening the foundations of forestry by emphasizing a scientific basis.

Williams, Ted. "We're Winning." Audubon 106 (November/December 2004): 31 39. Optimistic 2004 assessment by Williams, an environmental writer, of the effects of environmental activism, primarily in America, since 1970.

Wilson, Jeremy. "For the Birds?: Neoliberalism and the Protection of Biodiversity in British Columbia." BC Studies (Summer/Autumn 2004): 241–277. Examines efforts to conserve British Columbia bird species during the last two decades of the twentieth century, within the context of reduced state capacity and budget cuts caused by neoliberal ideology.

Winiwarter, Verena, et al. "Environmental History in Europe from 1994 to 2004: Enthusiasm and Consolidation." Environment and History 10 (November 2004): 501–530. Highlights significant European scholarship in environmental history from 1994 to 2004.

Wynn, Graeme. "'Shall We Linger Along Ambitionless?': Environmental Perspectives on British Columbia." BC Studies (Summer/Autumn 2004): 5 67. Introduction to a special issue "On the Environment" summarizing the history of environmental scholarly inquiry in British Columbia, primarily during the 20th century, and topics of current interest in the field.

Zelko, Frank. "Making Greenpeace: The Development of Direct Action Environmentalism in British Columbia." BC Studies (Summer/Autumn 2004): 197–239. Examines the ideological, social and political circumstances surrounding the founding and early development of Greenpeace, one of the earliest and most influential direct-action environmental organizations, in 1960s–1970s Vancouver, British Columbia.

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