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Book Review
Canada and the United States
| Robert E. Kohler. All Creatures: Naturalists, Collectors, and Biodiversity, 1850–1950. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press. 2006. Pp. xiii, 363. $35.00.
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| How did American naturalists acquire their knowledge of the tremendous diversity of the world's species? This question lies at the heart of Robert E. Kohler's comprehensive new study. To answer his query, Kohler ranges far beyond the realm of laboratories and scientists to consider the rather eccentric cast of characters who engaged in the field collection of animal specimens at the turn of the last century. While much of this collecting was conducted under the auspices of natural history museums and government agencies such as the U.S. Biological Survey, many participants were enthusiastic amateurs with little formal training. For such folks, collecting merged recreation with personal improvement, and their behavior speaks to the enormous pull that the desire for a more authentic encounter with nature exercised on American culture. Consider, for example, "Ma" Latham, who lived on Florida's Atlantic coast in the late 1800s. Not only did Latham comb the beaches near her family's home for interesting animal specimens to send to natural history museums, she opened her house free of charge to passing naturalists, hoping, in the words of the nineteenth-century ornithologist Frank Chapman, "to make her house a resort for scientific people" (p. 170). |
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