| Book Review | The American Historical Review, 112.5

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| Book Review | The American Historical Review, 112.5 | The History Cooperative

Book Review

Canada and the United States

Jennifer M. Hubbard. A Science on the Scales: The Rise of Canadian Atlantic Fisheries Biology, 1898–1939. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. 2006. Pp. x, 351. $65.00.
Jennifer Hubbard's 1993 dissertation on fisheries biology, as Canadians applied a developing cluster of nascent sciences to the country's great marine resources, acquired new urgency with the shocking collapse of Grand Banks groundfish stocks, most notably cod, soon thereafter. How could such a monumental social/economic/environmental tragedy occur so suddenly? The answer, of course, is that the disaster was hardly unforeseen.	1
Hubbard's timely analysis joins other recent studies of Canadian "staple products," in the language of Harold Innis, and will be welcomed by historians of science, environmental historians, and anyone else interested in the complex tensions that result when a problem places science, business, government, and environment at potential cross-purposes. (These studies include Matthew Evenden, Fish versus Power: An Environmental History of the Fraser River [2004]; Stéphane Castonguay, Protection des cultures, construction de la nature: Agriculture, foresterie et entomologie au Canada 1884–1959 [2004]; Richard Rajala, Clearcutting the Pacific Rain Forest: Production, Science, and Regulation [1998]; and Janet Foster's pioneering Working for Wildlife: The Beginning of Preservation in Canada [1978].) In all of these examples, the problem of husbanding a continental treasure trove of natural resources is compounded by a constitutional arrangement that too often pits political jurisdictions against one another when the time comes for action: nowhere is this political reality more apparent than in the contrast between the successful preservation of Fraser River salmon stocks in the single Pacific-coast province of British Columbia (p. 223); and the dismal fate of the codfish off the coasts of four Atlantic provinces with competing field stations (p. 126).	. . .

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