| Book Review | The American Historical Review, 112.4

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| Book Review | The American Historical Review, 112.4 | The History Cooperative

Book Review

Canada and the United States

Alfred A. Cave. Prophets of the Great Spirit: Native American Revitalization Movements in Eastern North America. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press. 2006. Pp. xiii, 328. $27.95.
In late eighteenth and early nineteenth-century North America, certain Indian "nativist prophets" (p. xi) "sought to counter Euro-American cultural imperialism by borrowing Euro-American religious ideas and employing them as weapons in ideological struggles against the invaders" (pp. x–xi). Responding to the "crises" of "epidemics," "alcohol," "warfare," "disappearance of game," "loss of land" (p. xi), and "acculturation" (p. 245), these "religious innovators" were both "restorationists and revolutionaries" (p. xiii); they and their cohorts mounted dramatic resistance to the hegemony of the expansive West.	1
Neolin (Delaware), Handsome Lake (Seneca), Tenskwatawa (Shawnee), and Kenekuk (Kickapoo) are the main subjects of Alfred A. Cave's study. Inspired by revelations received in visions, repulsed by Western economic individualism, and tormented by terrors of dispossession, factionalism, hell, and the Devil, they appealed to their Indian compatriots—in different ways—to get right with the Great Spirit, the God of "creation," "history," and "eternity" (p. 2), "derived from stories they heard about the Judeo-Christian Creator" (p. 3). They exhorted their adherents to practice a native way of life designed by the divine especially for them; to reject selective aspects of Christian evangelism and white culture; to eschew the evils of sorcery; and to regard their fellow Indians as relatives and allies in war and peace.	. . .

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