| Book Review | The American Historical Review, 112.3

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| Book Review | The American Historical Review, 112.3 | The History Cooperative

Book Review

Canada and the United States

Margaret Lamberts Bendroth. Fundamentalists in the City: Conflict and Division in Boston's Churches, 1885–1950. (Religion in America Series.) New York: Oxford University Press. 2005. Pp. x, 250. $45.00.
In recent decades, both historians and sociologists of American religion have documented how and why religion survives and thrives in American cities. Since 2000, a host of young scholars including Keith Zahniser (Steel City Gospel: Protestant Laity and Reform in Progressive-Era Pittsburgh [2005]), Wallace D. Best (Passionately Human, No Less Divine: Religion and Culture in Black Chicago, 1915–1952 [2005]), and Omar Maurice McRoberts (Streets of Glory: Church and Community in a Black Urban Neighborhood [2003]) have joined the ranks of those seeking to overturn the paradigm of urban religious declension by focusing on minority groups and faith-based activists. A welcome addition to this literature, Margaret Lamberts Bendroth's book elucidates the entwined religious and political trajectory of conservative Protestantism in one of the nation's oldest enclaves.	1
From its founding mission as a "city on a hill" to its more recent status as a sanctuary for skeptics, Boston has had its share of religious controversy. By the closing decades of the nineteenth century, distinctive minorities such as Unitarians, Christian Scientists and Vedantists had burnished the city's reputation for religious liberalism, eclecticism, and experimentation while Old World transplants—notably Judaism and Roman Catholicism—provided a sense of conservatism and continuity. Yet even as historical images of religious progressives rubbed up against the realities of deeply committed faith communities, there has been little written about the heirs of the early English settlers—mainline Protestants who, by the mid-nineteenth century, formed the core of Boston's middle class but less than fifty percent of its citizenry. Bendroth's book focuses on these believers: Baptists, Congregationalists, Methodists, and Presbyterians who by the turn of the century were leaders of an incipient fundamentalist movement.	. . .

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