| Book Review | The American Historical Review, 112.2

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| Book Review | The American Historical Review, 112.2 | The History Cooperative

Book Review

Canada and the United States

Nicholas Patler. Jim Crow and the Wilson Administration: Protesting Federal Segregation in the Early Twentieth Century. Boulder: University Press of Colorado. 2004. Pp. xvii, 236. $31.95.
When Woodrow Wilson was elected president in 1912, he was the first southern Democrat to occupy the White House since Reconstruction. This did not augur well for African Americans, particularly since the federal government was their largest single employer at the time. Yet as Nicholas Patler hints, Wilson's presidency was not quite a straightforward case of southern racial sensibilities being transposed to a national level. As well as a native-born Virginian, Wilson was also a former president of Princeton University, and his position on race relations was less that of a rabid southern segregationist and more in line with many other figures in the Progressive era who believed that segregation was a necessary precondition for social stability, which in turn was necessary for social reform.	1
Segregation and racial discrimination unquestionably increased during Wilson's term in office. A 1913 report compiled by the secretary of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) May Childs Nerney, titled Segregation in the Government Departments at Washington, revealed what she claimed was a "systematic enforcement" of Jim Crow policies in the civil service. By the end of Wilson's presidency segregation had extended to "the Senate lunchroom in the United States Capitol building, the galleries of the U.S. Senate, and the restaurant and the lunchroom of the Library of Congress" (p. 198).	. . .

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