| Book Review | The American Historical Review, 112.2

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| Book Review | The American Historical Review, 112.2 | The History Cooperative

Book Review

Canada and the United States

Mark R. Nemec. Ivory Towers and Nationalist Minds: Universities, Leadership, and the Development of the American State. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. 2006. Pp. x, 301. $24.95.
Mark R. Nemec argues that major private and public universities in the United States, such as California, Cornell, Harvard, Johns Hopkins, Michigan, and Yale, played a primary role in the development of federal authority from the Civil War through World War I. The schools accomplished this task by not only providing graduates for emerging federal government agencies but by instituting the very standards of expertise and efficiency the national state required to establish and maintain its authority. In doing so, American universities guaranteed their pivotal role in shaping and legitimizing the nation-state's authority. The government did not usually seek the services of these schools, but Nemec argues that entrepreneurial collegiate presidents ingratiated themselves with the United States government, ultimately making their institutions willing but independent "agents of the national state" (p. 11).	1
The process evolved slowly and haphazardly until the end of the nineteenth century and involved only "loosely coupled" relationships between the federal government and a few key universities. Nemec's examples include Cornell University's president serving as U.S. minister to Germany (1879–1881) and two University of Michigan faculty members serving in key positions on the Interstate Commerce Commission shortly after its creation in 1887. More "formal alignment" between American universities and the federal government started at the turn of the century, when, for example, Yale's new School of Forestry specifically tailored graduates for employment in the United States Bureau of Forestry.	. . .

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