| Book Review | The American Historical Review, 112.2

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| Book Review | The American Historical Review, 112.2 | The History Cooperative

Book Review

Canada and the United States

Jeffrey D. Brison. Rockefeller, Carnegie, and Canada: American Philanthrophy and the Arts and Letters in Canada. Ithaca: McGill-Queen's University Press. 2005. Pp. xiii, 281. $75.00.
Historical studies of the intellectual and cultural interaction of Canadians and Americans are rare, and new work based on primary research is welcome. Jeffrey D. Brison examines the significant role played by the U.S.-based Carnegie and Rockefeller Foundations in Canada from the 1920s to the 1950s which, over four decades, provided some $20 million for universities, academic fellowships, humanities and social science research, the fine arts, and book publishing, all of which would have foundered in the absence of such patronage. With the establishment of the state-funded Canada Council in 1957, Canadian scholars and artists, at long last, were able to draw substantially from their own country's financial resources and cultural agencies.	1
Brison contends that while the process was not always direct and overt, American "philanthropoids" collaborated with Canada's "cultural elite" to map the country's cultural landscape. They did so in order to modernize "Gospel of Wealth" practices (including the moralism, paternalism and rationalism) that had infused American corporate giving in the late nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Philanthropists of the next generation sought to legitimize corporate capitalism by working through volunteer organizations, private agencies, and public institutions in an effort to forge "national, professionally managed, and bureaucratic structures of cultural authority" (p. 206). Influenced by Gramscian notions of cultural hegemony, and critical of historians in Canada who have failed to appreciate the subtle ways in which American values penetrated nation-building icons such as the National [Art] Gallery of Canada, the Massey Commission (on national development in the arts, letters, and sciences), and the Canada Council, the author constructs an intriguing argument built, alas, on very shaking foundations.	. . .

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