| Book Review | The American Historical Review, 112.1

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| Book Review | The American Historical Review, 112.1 | The History Cooperative

Book Review

Canada and the United States

Noriko Asato. Teaching Mikadoism: The Attack on Japanese Language Schools in Hawaii, California, and Washington, 1919–1927. Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press. 2006. Pp. xvii, 176. $40.00.
Noriko Asato pursues an ambitious agenda in this book, employing a comparative approach to analyze Japanese language school controversies in Hawaii, California, and Washington between 1919 and 1927. She argues that various groups used debates over these schools in an attempt to impose control over Japanese Americans (or Nikkei). Seeking to improve on the unsystematic scholarly treatment of this topic, Asato wants to create a synthetic overview situated in a broad historical context that studies both why the controversy developed and how Japanese Americans reacted to it.	1
Asato begins with a brief survey of Japanese American immigration as well as the creation and proliferation of Japanese language schools in Hawaii and on the West Coast. From the start, supporters of the schools had varied motives. Planters initially funded schools hoping to convince Nikkei laborers to stay longer, while many of the initial settlers saw the institutions as a means to ease the future transition of their children into Japanese society. As time passed, divisions within the Nikkei community emerged as Christian and Buddhist schools competed and as the community debated the mission of the schools, with more favoring the goal of educating students to be better American—and not Japanese—citizens. When immigrants appealed to the Japanese government for support and advice, its officials in the United States emphasized raising children loyal to the United States, in part to avoid American ill will toward Japan.	. . .

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