| Book Review | The American Historical Review, 112.1

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| Book Review | The American Historical Review, 112.1 | The History Cooperative

Book Review

Canada and the United States

Todd Estes. The Jay Treaty Debate, Public Opinion, and the Evolution of Early American Political Culture. (Political Development of the American Nation: Studies in Politics and History.) Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press. 2006. Pp. xii, 267. $34.95.
Todd Estes attempts to show how the fight over the Jay Treaty "altered the entire political system within which the nascent parties operated" (p. 213). Unfortunately, he fails in that ambitious task, although he has produced a detailed account of the various stages of debate and political maneuvering leading up to the ratification and implementation of the controversial treaty.	1
The Jay Treaty, signed in 1794 but not fully ratified by the United States until 1796, resolved some of the longstanding issues between Great Britain and America that remained after the American Revolution. Most important, Great Britain agreed to evacuate its forts in the Northwest Territory and to allow ships under seventy tons to trade with the British West Indies. But the treaty ignited a storm of protest because many Republicans thought that the terms were overly favorable to the British. The ensuing debate has long figured in accounts of the battles between Federalists and Republicans in the early republic. It represents an important moment in the young nation's struggles to navigate the foreign policy difficulties created by the almost perpetual state of war between France and Great Britain during this period, and it also played a role in the formation of the first party system.	. . .

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