| Book Review | The American Historical Review, 111.5

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| Book Review | The American Historical Review, 111.5 | The History Cooperative

Book Review

Canada and the United States

Jeanette Keith. Rich Man's War, Poor Man's Fight: Race, Class, and Power in the Rural South During the First World War. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press. 2004. Pp. viii, 260. Cloth $59.95, paper $22.50.
"War is the health of the State," wrote Randolph Bourne in leaning his shoulder against the American war machine of 1917–1918. Today, most historians agree that mobilization for the Great War brought unprecedented growth in what had been a weak American state. For good or for ill, Washington bureaucrats registered, policed, and commanded ordinary citizens as never before. Because the emerging Leviathan possessed a monopoly of legitimate violence and because it had the biggest propaganda megaphone around, it was able to crush most opposition to the war.	1
Jeanette Keith does not agree. Traveling deep into the piney woods of southern history, she has uncovered a lot more resistance to federal intrusion than is accepted in standard accounts. Focusing on the military draft, she finds evidence in everything from local draft board records to memoranda from the head of Selective Service, General Enoch Crowder, that a significant minority—some ten to thirteen percent of southern men, a majority of whom were black—failed to register, report for induction, or otherwise do their military duty. Following a tradition of opposition to hated tax "revenuers," some upcountry poor whites even put up armed resistance. Although their protest was individual rather than collective, it was grounded in the larger realms of class (the rural poor) and culture (hostility to outsiders). In the skillful hands of this perceptive author, isolated acts of resistance turn into a convincing social pattern.	. . .

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