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| Book Review | The American Historical Review, 111.5 | The History Cooperative
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December, 2006
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Book Review

Canada and the United States



Richard A. Greenwald. The Triangle Fire, the Protocols of Peace, and Industrial Democracy in Progressive Era New York. (Labor in Crisis.) Philadelphia: Temple University Press. 2006. Pp. xii, 332. $24.95.

Richard A. Greenwald explores the advancement of industrial democracy in Progressive-era New York by connecting the great strikes of 1909 and 1910, the horrifying Triangle Shirtwaist fire in 1911, and the fitful actions of an uneasy coalition of workers, reformers, and political leaders. Defining industrial democracy as "an effort to square free market capitalism with democracy to provide a fair and just workplace" (p. 3), Greenwald identifies collective bargaining as essential to industrial democracy and calls for renewed attention to the subject of industrial relations between unions and employers. 1
      The story of the young immigrant women who led the "shirtwaist uprising" of 1909 that startled New York City and attracted the support of middle-class women reformers is largely a familiar one. By paralyzing the industry through a general strike, these women not only saved the International Ladies Garment Workers' Union (ILGWU) but boosted morale and hope, especially as the public became more aware of—and sympathetic to—the plight of women workers. Their action set the stage for the "Great Revolt" of the cloakmakers in 1910, a massive strike that convinced Progressive reformers that achieving industrial peace and stability was essential and required their intervention. . . .

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