| Book Review | The American Historical Review, 111.5

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| Book Review | The American Historical Review, 111.5 | The History Cooperative

Erika Lee. At America's Gates: Chinese Immigration During the Exclusion Era, 1882–1943. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press. 2004. Pp. 331. Cloth $55.00, paper $19.95.
Chinese immigrants hold a unique place in American history. They were the first non-European group, in large numbers, to migrate freely to the United States or its colonial antecedents, and they were the first ethnic or nationality-based group specifically to be excluded by U.S. statute. Hence, they both have embodied and symbolized American "gatekeeping," the often controversial efforts to keep out unwanted, and allegedly pernicious, aliens.	1
Erika Lee's book analyzes three aspects of the short and long-term consequences of Chinese exclusion, from its inception through sixty-one years of enforcement. First, she examines how the Page Act of 1875 and the Exclusion Act of 1882 established the first legal limits on free migration (as opposed to the 1807 prohibition against the importation of slaves) into the United States. These exclusions then led to the imposition of policies and procedures for admitting properly qualified aliens and for interdicting those deemed to be unfit for entrance. Finally, Lee discusses how the specter of exclusion redounded negatively on those who did manage, by what ever means, to get into the United States.	. . .

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