| Book Review | The American Historical Review, 111.5

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| Book Review | The American Historical Review, 111.5 | The History Cooperative

Book Review

Canada and the United States

Peter E. Pope. Fish into Wine: The Newfoundland Plantation in the Seventeenth Century. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press for the Omohundro Institute of Early American History and Culture, Williamsburg, Va. 2004. Pp. xxvi, 463. Cloth $59.95, paper $24.95.
In this excellent book, Peter E. Pope examines the early English settlement at Newfoundland, a colony that many contemporaries dismissed as a failed, peripheral outpost (an opinion later echoed by historians). As Pope points out, however, Europe's trade to the North Atlantic outstripped its exchange with the Gulf of Mexico for much of the seventeenth century. Rather than an isolated outpost, Newfoundland "was a central node in an international network" of commerce and migration (p. 80).	1
A welcome corrective to our focus on those North American colonies whose inhabitants constructed states, founded churches, and left extensive paper trails, Pope offers a distinct model of colonization and a different perspective on success and failure in the Atlantic world. Initially colonized for England by West Country fishermen, Newfoundland soon attracted the attention of the same gentry projectors and mercenary adventurers who participated in other colonial ventures. Sir George Calvert secured a charter from James I in 1621 and invested considerable capital in constructing wharves, warehouses, and fishing stations before relocating to his newly acquired proprietary of Maryland. With no proprietor, no government, and a largely transient population of fishermen, Newfoundland in 1630 looked like a failed experiment, but Pope argues that these conditions facilitated a successful "vernacular" or informal settlement on a smaller scale. For example, Lord Baltimore's departure opened the door for middling merchants to enter the Newfoundland trade, most notably Sir David Kirke. Kirke and his partners secured a commercial monopoly rather than a proprietary charter and reaped the benefits of Calvert's earlier investment.	. . .

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