| Book Review | The American Historical Review, 111.4

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| Book Review | The American Historical Review, 111.4 | The History Cooperative

Book Review

Canada and the United States

Brian Donovan. White Slave Crusades: Race, Gender, and Anti-Vice Activism. Urbana and Chicago: University of Illinois Press. 2006. Pp. x, 186. $30.00.
This book examines the numerous and varied white slavery claims of 1887–1917 for the purpose of seeing how the variations in those stories contributed to the changing meanings of race and gender. Written by a sociologist, the text is remarkably free of jargon. It fits most easily under the rubric of intellectual history.	1
Brian Donovan describes the white slavery discourse with its variations on the respective roles of individual morality, low wages, physical coercion, and trickery as causes of American female prostitution. He then analyzes the significance of those positions for race and gender issues of the day. Donovan looks closely at the specific genre of "white slavery narratives," but he also analyzes speeches, interviews, and other writing, and covers all the major reformers—Frances Willard, Katharine Bushnell, William T. Stead, George Kibbe Turner, Ernest Bell, Jane Addams, Clifford G. Roe, James Bronson Reynolds, and Donaldina Cameron—as well as lesser players. Always, however, the deeper point is to go beyond the level of prostitution and reform to look at the impact of the discourse on race and gender. Donovan writes that "white slavery narratives and anti-vice activism performed the ideological work necessary for gender and racial formation ... Crusades against white slavery helped build racial hierarchies by emphasizing moral and sexual differences between Anglo-Saxons or native-born whites on one hand and new European immigrants, Chinese, and African Americans on the other" (p. 129).	. . .

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