| Book Review | The American Historical Review, 111.4

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| Book Review | The American Historical Review, 111.4 | The History Cooperative

Book Review

Methods/Theory

J. J. A. Mooij. Time and Mind: The History of a Philosophical Problem. Translated by Peter Mason. (Brill's Studies in Intellectual History, number 129.) Boston: Brill. 2005. Pp. 287. $134.00.
The intimate relation of philosophy and history has given rise to a series of issues concerning the "question of time." This book provides an extensive history of a central problem in the philosophy of time, and opens the preface with the question: "Can time exist independently of consciousness or mind?" J. J. A. Mooij addresses the history of this question and analyzes the answers and arguments extended on its behalf in their historical context. The historical scope extends from classical antiquity to the year 2000. Although one may have opined that "the problem of Time and Mind had been solved" either "by Newton around 1700, by Kant around 1800," or " by Bergson around 1900," Mooij maintains, the question remains "open today" (p. 261).	1
The Ionian cosmogonies of the sixth century b.c.e. explained how an ordered world evolved out of an undifferentiated initial state of "things." In the fifth century, science became more particularly an inquiry into the ultimate constitution of material substance: the uniform and permanent "nature of things." The notion of substance derives from tactile sensation. The belief in substantial things outside us reverts to the original detachment of self from the object. With Heraclitus of Ephesus, philosophy focused on knowing the thing, not on that which is known. Thought controls the phenomena as it constitutes the thinker. The problem of understanding nature was taken to a new level. The Milesian school of philosophers had moved it to the realm of the intellect in that they claimed the universe to be an intelligible whole. The manifold was to be understood as deriving from a sustaining principle or first cause, but was to be perceived in the phenomena.	. . .

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