| Book Review | The American Historical Review, 111.3

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| Book Review | The American Historical Review, 111.3 | The History Cooperative

Book Review

Canada and the United States

Thelma Wills Foote. Black and White Manhattan: The History of Racial Formation in Colonial New York City. New York: Oxford University Press. 2004. Pp. x, 334. Cloth $72.00, paper $27.50.

Edmund S. Morgan described his American Slavery, American Freedom: The Ordeal of Colonial Virginia (1975) as "both more and less" than a history of one colony's history—and the same is true of this smart, sophisticated analysis of racial formation in early New York. Thelma Wills Foote explores the relationship between racialism and governance in one of colonial North America's largest, most heterogeneous, and most African seaports. Challenging the "apartheid narrative" that too often separates the histories of blacks and whites in North America (p. 13), Foote emphasizes the dynamics that connected the lives of slaves, free blacks, and settlers of different stripes. Emerging racial identities were crucial not simply for subordinating the city's slaves but also for uniting fractious settlers and mobilizing political power.

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