| Book Review | The American Historical Review, 111.3

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| Book Review | The American Historical Review, 111.3 | The History Cooperative

Book Review

Asia

Peter Zarrow. China in War and Revolution, 1895–1949. (Asia's Transformations.) New York: Routledge. 2005. Pp. xviii, 411. Cloth $132.00, paper $39.95.

The period from 1895 to 1949 is perhaps the most complicated era in the history of modern China. It marked the beginning of China's search for a new national identity and the end of the 2000-year-old political system. Over roughly half a century, the imperial system was replaced first by a republic and then by a socialist regime; Confucianism, which had served as the keystone of Chinese civilization, was discredited and succeeded by nationalism and other political ideologies. At the same time, China fought a number of wars, including the First Sino-Japanese War and the eight major powers' military expedition to China in response to the Boxer Rebellion. The Russo-Japanese War of 1904–1905 was fought on Chinese territory while China was also involved in World War I. From 1916 to 1928 Chinese warlords fought among themselves; then followed the all-out war between China and Japan from 1937 to 1945 and the four-year civil war between the Chinese communists and nationalists after Japanese surrender. Peter Zarrow's new book is not only remarkable but an extremely useful and timely guide through this period. Well written and well argued, the book is organized by both narrative stories and thematic chapters. Using methodologies of the social sciences, cultural studies, and empirical historicism, Zarrow successfully and brilliantly explains to readers the major events and intellectual developments, turning points, and key players and their roles in creating a modern China.

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