| Book Review | The American Historical Review, 111.2

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| Book Review | The American Historical Review, 111.2 | The History Cooperative

Lucy Maddox. Citizen Indians: Native American Intellectuals, Race, and Reform. Ithaca: Cornell University Press. 2005. Pp. 205. $35.00.
Consider this from the index of a standard college-level American history textbook: Native Americans are listed on page 539, in a section dealing with Wounded Knee and the end of the Indian Wars in the 1890s, and not again until page 815, this time for a discussion of the Indian New Deal of 1934. So what happened to Native Americans during those intervening 275 pages, covering nearly forty years? This is the question that Lucy Maddox sets out to answer. More precisely Maddox is interested in whether Native Americans participated in that movement we loosely term "Progressivism." The answer, Maddox finds, is yes, and she expands upon that by focusing, as the book's subtitle suggests, on a group of Native intellectuals.	1
The book begins with a reevaluation of Indian performances and exhibitions at the turn of the twentieth century, which constituted the primary way in which white America encountered Native Americans. Rather than seeing these, as other historians have, only as shameless (and shameful) episodes of racialized exploitation, Maddox believes that Indians also appropriated these exhibitions and performances as a way of communicating with white audiences, that they "adopted, manipulated, and transformed the means already available to them for addressing white audiences" (p. 16).	. . .

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