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Book Review
Canada and the United States
| Paul Douglas Newman. Fries's Rebellion: The Enduring Struggle for the American Revolution. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. 2004. Pp. xii, 259. $29.95.
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| Fries's "Rebellion" was a rural protest movement among Pennsylvania Germans in 1799 against the Federalist Party's 1798 direct tax. Paul Douglas Newman has written the most detailed, comprehensive, and best study we have of this protest, which challenged the direct tax on land, houses, and slaves the Federalists engineered to support a military buildup in preparation for an undeclared war with France. Newman is careful to show how the story of Fries's Rebellion relates to the historiography of other uprisings like Shays's Rebellion and the Whiskey Rebellion, of recent accounts of eighteenth-century Pennsylvania German migration and assimilation, and of the rise of early American political ideology and party organization. Newman also links this east-central Pennsylvania resistance to national issues and events. The book is based on use of the depositions of the participants and observers of the "rebellion" in the Rawle papers at the Historical Society of Pennsylvania, genealogical and churchyard records, and assessors' statistics of the valuations taken in collecting the tax. There is some use of German-language newspapers of the time, but since few German-language manuscripts survive except as church registers, Newman relies largely on English-language sources. An examination of Moravian records in Bethlehem might have turned up more information, inasmuch as Moravians received appointments in administering the tax and were the subject of criticism by the rebels for doing so. |
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