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| Book Review | The American Historical Review, 110.5 | The History Cooperative
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December, 2005
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Book Review

Canada and the United States



Gary Lawson and Guy Seidman. The Constitution of Empire: Territorial Expansion and American Legal History. New Haven: Yale University Press. 2004. Pp. x, 272. $40.00.

This provocative book by Gary Lawson and Guy Seidman examines an underexplored chapter of American constitutional development: the tensions created by the accommodation of American territorial expansion within the constitutional system. The authors' goals are to restore territorial law to its central role in American constitutional studies, and to explore what it would mean to take the Constitution seriously in this area by testing the legality of America's solutions to territorial acquisition and governance over the past 200 years. Although other works have explored aspects of the constitutional implications of American imperial expansion, the work differs from them in its comprehensive sweep in addressing the various permutations of territorial acquisition and governance, and in applying an exclusively originalist perspective to questions of constitutional legitimacy. 1
      The book proceeds by setting forth the authors' sense of original understanding and its implications for the power to acquire territory, and then analyzes the legality of events in America's nineteenth-century territorial expansion and governance. Lawson and Seidman are purported originalists, with a self-avowed fascination with form over function in constitutional analysis. In the first of several controversial moves, the authors define original understanding, not in the traditional sense of relying on the historical record of what the Constitution's drafters and ratifiers actually said and understood, but as what a "fully informed" eighteenth-century public would have understood the Constitution to mean. They thus rely on a peculiar "rational reconstruction" of what a necessarily mythic figure (somewhat akin to Ronald Dworkin's Judge Hercules) would have believed in the eighteenth century. . . .

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