| Book Review | The American Historical Review, 110.3

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| Book Review | The American Historical Review, 110.3 | The History Cooperative

Book Review

Canada and the United States

Elna C. Green. This Business of Relief: Confronting Poverty in a Southern City, 1740–1940. Athens: University of Georgia Press. 2003. Pp. xiii, 356. Cloth $54.95, paper $22.95.
Richmond, Virginia, like other American cities, had little outside help in dealing with the problems presented by poverty prior to the New Deal. Unfortunately, the sizable body of literature on social welfare history that has developed over the past two decades may not have much to say about Richmond's experience, because Richmond is southern and most of the literature focuses on northern cities. Elna C. Green addresses this omission by exploring how Richmond's government and private groups responded to poverty from 1740 to 1940, as well as examining how the city's impoverished citizens lived. In the process she makes larger arguments about poverty, welfare, and charity in southern cities over the two centuries preceding the New Deal, and shows how the North and South differed (or did not) in crucial ways as they adopted more extensive welfare programs, including the New Deal itself.	1
Some parts of the story of Richmond will be familiar to students of social welfare history, such as Green's description of Richmond's poor relief efforts in the colonial era. Relief was based on the English model, public relief was more widespread than private charity, outdoor relief was far more extensive than institutionalization, and relief reflected society's assumptions about gender roles; there are few surprises.	. . .

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