| Book Review | The American Historical Review, 110.2

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| Book Review | The American Historical Review, 110.2 | The History Cooperative

Book Review

Canada and the United States

Peter R. D'Agostino. Rome in America: Transnational Catholic Ideology from the Risorgimento to Fascicm. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press. 2004. Pp. xi, 393. Cloth $59.95, paper $22.50.
This book by Peter R. D'Agostino argues that Italian politics—that is, the relationship between the pope and the Italian government 1849–1940—fashioned American Catholic identity and shaped American perception of Catholicism. As such, it provides an elaborately rich context for understanding modern Catholicism even as it undermines the canonical interpretation of American Catholic history in the work of Jay Dolan, who finds the desire to create an "American Catholicism that was modern and democratic" in the nineteenth century. Far from eager participation in the values of democracy, American Catholics unblinkingly followed papal teachings even when they were directly opposed to American political interests. Why? Because papal Rome was the unifying symbol for Catholics everywhere.	1
In 1848, when Roman citizens joined a burgeoning nationalist movement, Pope Pius IX fled the city; his territories were no longer "his," and when "the papal states" disappeared forever (in 1870), he declared himself a "prisoner" and allowed himself to be compared to Christ crucified. In 1929, Pope Pius XI signed an agreement with Benito Mussolini relinquishing his claims to the papal states and accepting Vatican City as his own sovereign space. What has this story to do with America? More than historians might have imagined: during the critical years of American nation building (1848–1948), Catholicism was Roman-identified; the center of American Catholicism was not Baltimore, but Rome with its prisoner pope, a character in the drama of secular versus sacred, the world versus the Catholic Church, democratic values versus papal politics, barbarians versus the cradle of Western civilization.	. . .

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