| Book Review | The American Historical Review, 109.5

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| Book Review | The American Historical Review, 109.5 | The History Cooperative

Book Review

Comparative/World

Robert J. Young. Marketing Marianne: French Propaganda in America, 1900–1940. New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press. 2004. Pp. xxii, 247. $60.00.
In this short, readable book, Robert J. Young surveys French propaganda efforts in the United States in the early twentieth century. Relying heavily on French Foreign Ministry records in Paris and Nantes, as well as on American newspapers, Young chronicles the array of French governmental efforts to present French interests to the American public and the apparent responses of that public. He begins by setting the stage, tracing the actions of the Foreign Ministry from the Paris World's Fair of 1900 (only the French attended in greater numbers than the Americans) to the outbreak of World War I. Since the late nineteenth century, there had been much promotion of German culture and language that accompanied the massive German immigration to the United States. But there were few French immigrants, and the torch of French culture was carried by an educated, cultural elite concentrated on the East Coast.	1
World War I, particularly the period 1914–1917, presented a serious challenge to both French and American champions of French interests. American suspicion that the Europeans, particularly the British and the French, were attempting to draw the United States into the war was stoked by William Randolph Hearst and other critics of the French. French propagandists thus walked a fine line. French ambassador Jules Jusserand embodied the soft touch that prevailed until American entry in the war; he advocated an approach that emphasized the centrality of French art, literature, and music in "Western civilization" more broadly as well as common American and French democratic traditions. Jusserand's strategy, largely followed by the French until 1940, was simple: "Keep calumny to a minimum ... avoid hyperbole, and ... above all, avoid lies" (p. 49). In short, French propaganda needed to be sensitive to American suspicion of propaganda by carefully providing information and as little simplistic bombast as possible. High culture was the way to go.	. . .

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